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Interdépendance et coopération : les leçons d'une maquette

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  • Franck Amalric
  • Henri Sterdyniak

Abstract

[eng] The need for economic policy coordination is particularly great in Europe given both the strong interdependence between European countries and the multiplicity of policymakers. With a two-country model, in which the countries can differ in their propensity to inflate or in their economic policy objectives we show that if each country chooses autonomously its economic policy, the world economic situation is non- optimal. Each country tries to export its inflation or its deficit on current account, which globally is impossible. Economic policy coordination improves the situation of both countries. This coordination is more fruitful when the countries have the same economic policy objectives, on account of the costly competitive exchange rate policies that they would otherwise pursue. But negociating for coordination is not easy, so rules such as those of the EMS are more desirable. We show, in our model, that the EMS leads to an improvement in comparison with the non-cooperative equilibrium, without being a perfect substitute for cooperation. [fre] Le problème de la coordination se pose avec une acuité particulière en Europe du fait de la forte interdépendance des nations européennes et de la multiplicité des centres de décision. Grâce à une maquette à deux pays, pouvant se différencier par leurs propensions à l'inflation ou par leurs préférences en matière d'objectifs de politique économique, nous montrons que si chaque pays définit de façon autonome sa politique économique, il en résulte une situation inefficace au niveau mondial, les pays ayant tendance à essayer d'exporter leur inflation ou leur déficit commercial ce qui est globalement impossible. Bien que difficile à mettre en œuvre, la coordination des politiques économiques permet d'améliorer la situation des deux pays. Cette coordination apparaît d'autant plus souhaitable que les préférences des deux pays sont proches, du fait des politiques de taux de change concurrentielles qu'ils mèneraient sinon. Mais les négociations menant à la coordination des politiques économiques sont difficiles ; on peut donc leur préférer des règles telles que celles du SME. On montre, dans le cadre de notre maquette, que le SME conduit à une amélioration de la situation des pays par rapport à l'équilibre non-coopératif sans toutefois remplacer une véritable coordination.

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  • Franck Amalric & Henri Sterdyniak, 1989. "Interdépendance et coopération : les leçons d'une maquette," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(1), pages 135-156.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1989_num_26_1_1166
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1989.1166
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1989.1166
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    2. Henri Sterdyniak & Éric Bleuze, 1988. "L'interdépendance des économies en change flexible : les apports d'une maquette dynamique," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(5), pages 999-1034.
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    Cited by:

    1. Henri Sterdyniak & Pierre Villa, 1993. "Régimes de change et coordination des politiques économiques en Europe," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(1), pages 307-348.
    2. CEPII & OFCE & Marie-Hélène Blonde & Gérard Cornilleau & Pascal Helwaser & Jacques Le Cacheux & Jean Le Dem & Henri Sterdyniak & Bill Robinson & Stephen Smith, 1990. "Vers une fiscalité européenne ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(1), pages 121-189.
    3. Jean Bensaïd & Frédéric Gavrel, 1993. "UEM et coordination des politiques budgétaires," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 109(3), pages 47-56.
    4. Pierre Jaillet & Christian Pfister, 1993. "Du SME à la monnaie unique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 262(1), pages 21-36.
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