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Marchés de l'emploi urbains et ruraux et migrations

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  • Hubert Jayet

Abstract

[fre] On étudie la mobilité de l'emploi et les migrations dans un système de deux zones géographiques : une zone rurale où les emplois sont stables et une zone urbaine où ils sont instables. Avec de faibles coûts de migration, les emplois insta­bles, occupés par les agents en attente d'un emploi stable, sont des emplois tran­sitoires. En raison des différences de localisation des emplois stables et instables, la mobilité de l'emploi induit des migrations éventuellement répétitives. Avec des agents au chômage en début de vie active, le solde migratoire de la zone urbaine augmente brutalement à l'âge d'entrée en activité pour baisser ensuite, conformé­ment à beaucoup d'observations empiriques. [eng] This paper analyses a model of migrations induced by job mobility within a system of two areas, a rural area where jobs are stable and an urban one where they are unstable. When migration costs are low enough, the agents consider unstable jobs as transitory ones, occupying them only as long as a stable job has not been found. Since stable and unstable jobs are located differently, this form of job mobility induces repeat migration. Moreover, if labour force entrants start unemployed, net migration to the urban area increases at the age of entry into labour force and decreases at later ages. This results conforms to most empirical observations.

Suggested Citation

  • Hubert Jayet, 1995. "Marchés de l'emploi urbains et ruraux et migrations," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 46(3), pages 605-614.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1995_num_46_3_409668
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1995.409668
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1995.409668
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    1. Todaro, Michael P, 1969. "A Model for Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 59(1), pages 138-148, March.
    2. Ian Gordon & Roger Vickerman, 1982. "Opportunity, Preference and Constraint: an Approach to the Analysis of Metropolitan Migration," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 19(3), pages 247-261, August.
    3. DaVanzo, Julie, 1983. "Repeat Migration in the United States: Who Moves Back and Who Moves On?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 65(4), pages 552-559, November.
    4. Harris, John R & Todaro, Michael P, 1970. "Migration, Unemployment & Development: A Two-Sector Analysis," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 60(1), pages 126-142, March.
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