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Quelle est l'influence du coût du travail sur l'emploi ?

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  • Brigitte Dormont

Abstract

[eng] What is the effect of labor cost on employment ? . . This paper deals with the problems involved in estimating the demand for labor on French data. More precisely, we focus on the estimation of the long-run wage elasticity of labor demand. In the first section, one surveys the results obtained by various studies. The French macro-econometric models stand apart because their labor demand wage elasticity is equal to 0. In section 2, we present our own estimations. These have been carried out by using aggregate data, a panel of French industries and a panel of French firms. We show that, with some care, one can obtain very similar estimates,whatever the data used. But the values obtained, which lie within the range (- 0.8 ; - 0.5 are rather high and need further investigation. This is the purpose of the third section. Taking into account the simultaneity and heterogeneity bias allow us to lower the wage elasticity of labor demand. Finally, at the micro-econometric level, we observe that the wage elasticity strongly decreases when the skill level is higher. [fre] Quelle est l'influence du coût du travail sur l'emploi ?. . L'objet de cet article est d'examiner les problèmes posés par l'estimation de la demande de travail sur données françaises en se concentrant sur l'évaluation de l'élasticité emploi-coût salarial. Dans un premier temps, on rappelle les résultats obtenus par différentes études réalisées sur des données étrangères ou françaises. Les modèles macro-économiques français se distinguent par une élasticité emploi-salaire égale à 0. Dans la deuxième partie sont présentées nos propres estimations, lesquelles ont été effectuées conjointement sur des séries temporelles macro-économiques, un panel de secteurs et un panel d'entreprises. On montre que quelques précautions permettent d'aboutir à une élasticité emploi-coût salarial très cohérente, quel que soit le niveau d'agrégation des données. Toutefois la valeur obtenue, comprise entre -0,8 et - 0,5, paraît suffisamment élevée pour mériter quelques questionnements. Tel est l'objet de la troisième partie : la prise en compte des biais de simultanéité et de l'hétérogénéité des comportments permet de réviser à la baisse la relation entre demande de travail et coût salarial. Enfin, au niveau des entreprises, on constate que l'élasticité emploi-coût salarial décroit fortement lorsque la qualification de la main-d'œuvre augmente.

Suggested Citation

  • Brigitte Dormont, 1994. "Quelle est l'influence du coût du travail sur l'emploi ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 45(3), pages 399-414.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1994_num_45_3_409533
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1994.409533
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1994.409533
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel S. Hamermesh, 1991. "Labor Demand: What Do We Know? What Don't We Know?," NBER Working Papers 3890, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    5. Patrick Artus & Claude Bismut, 1980. "Substitution et coût des facteurs : un lien existe-t-il ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 127(1), pages 101-114.
    6. Bresson, G & Kramarz, F & Sevestre, P, 1992. "Heterogeneous Labor and the Dynamics of Aggregate Labor Demand: Some Estimations Using Panel Data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 153-168.
    7. Jean Le Dem & Frédéric Lerais, 1990. "Où va la productivité du travail ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 237(1), pages 49-67.
    8. Jacques Mairesse & Mohamed Sassenou, 1989. "Les facteurs qualitatifs de la productivité : un essai d'évaluation," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 91(5), pages 35-42.
    9. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1825 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Stephen Nickell & Sushil Wadhwani, 1991. "Employment Determination in British Industry: Investigations Using Micro-Data," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(5), pages 955-969.
    11. Jérôme Henry & Véronique Leroux & Pierre-Alain Muet, 1988. "Coût relatif capital-travail et substitution : existe-t-il encore un lien ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 24(1), pages 163-182.
    12. Patrick Sevestre, 1990. "Qualification de la main-d'oeuvre et productivité du travail," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 237(1), pages 109-120.
    13. Brigitte Dormont, 1989. "Employment in Disequilibrium: a Disaggregated Approach on a Panel of French Firms," Discussion Papers (REL - Recherches Economiques de Louvain) 1989013, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
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    1. Olivier Passet & Christine Rifflart & Henri Sterdyniak, 1997. "Ralentissement de la croissance potentielle et hausse du chômage," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 60(1), pages 109-146.
    2. Sandrine Duchêne & Gérard Forgeot & Alain Jacquot, 1997. "Les évolutions récentes de la productivité du travail," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 301(1), pages 169-192.
    3. Cahuc, Pierre & Goux, Dominique & Gianella, Christian & Zylberberg, Andre, 2002. "Equalizing Wage Differences and Bargaining Power: Evidence from a Panel of French Firms," CEPR Discussion Papers 3510, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2476 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Lesueur, Jean-Yves & Plane, Patrick, 1995. "Structures industrielles et stratégies salaire-emploi en Côte d’Ivoire," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 71(3), pages 291-307, septembre.
    6. François Legendre & Patricia Le Maitre, 1997. "Le lien emploi-coût relatif des facteurs de production : quelques résultats obtenus à partir de données de panel," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 301(1), pages 111-127.

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