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Une décomposition des différences de niveaux de vie des actifs et des retraités en Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Carole Bonnet
  • Olivier Bontout
  • Anne-Juliette Lecourt

Abstract

[fre] En 2008, le niveau de vie relatif médian des 65 ans et plus par rapport aux 0‑64 ans s’établit en France à 96 % contre 86 % dans le reste de l’UE. Cet indicateur est au niveau européen l’un des trois indicateurs principaux du suivi de l’adéquation des systèmes de pension. Néanmoins, les raisons de cette position française demeurent peu étudiées. Cet article présente une analyse de la situation comparée du niveau de vie des 65 ans et plus entre la France et une sélection de pays européens, à partir de l’enquête Silc. . . Ce sont les écarts de pensions brutes qui expliquent l’essentiel des écarts de l’indicateur entre la France et les autres pays européens. Cet effet est surtout marqué vis‑à‑vis du . Danemark, du Royaume‑Uni et de la Belgique, reflétant des niveaux de pensions brutes relativement plus faibles dans ces pays. L’écart est significatif mais moindre avec la . Finlande, l’Espagne, les Pays‑Bas et l’Allemagne ; il est encore plus faible avec la Suède et l’Italie, où les niveaux de pensions brutes sont proches de ceux de la France. Néanmoins, la contribution du niveau des pensions est modulée par d’autres effets. Les différences de structures de prélèvements directs et dans une moindre mesure les différences de structures socio‑démographiques viennent minorer les écarts entre la France et les autres pays. . . Plusieurs difficultés méthodologiques subsistent cependant. L’une est l’inégale couverture . des différentes sources de revenus. La seconde est l’impossibilité de prendre en . compte l’ensemble des prélèvements et en particulier ceux qui financent la protection sociale et les systèmes de retraites. Enfin, idéalement, il faudrait s’affranchir du seuil . conventionnel de 65 ans pour mieux distinguer les actifs et les retraités mais ceci se . heurte à la difficulté de bien définir le statut de retraité, de façon partagée entre les différents . pays.

Suggested Citation

  • Carole Bonnet & Olivier Bontout & Anne-Juliette Lecourt, 2014. "Une décomposition des différences de niveaux de vie des actifs et des retraités en Europe," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 469(1), pages 121-146.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2014_num_469_1_10419
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2014.10419
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2014.10419
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    References listed on IDEAS

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