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Productivité relative et utilisation des emplois de courte durée dans les entreprises

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  • Marie Leclair
  • Sébastien Roux

Abstract

[spa] Productividad relativa y utilización de los empleos de corta duración en las empresas. La utilización de los empleos de corta duración (ocupados menos de un año) por las empresas puede corresponder a dos objetivos, de fl exibilidad o de selección/ incentivo. Para distinguir entre éstos, la productividad de estos empleos se compara con la de los trabajadores contratados desde hace menos de un año, pero que permanecen en la empresa y con la de los trabajadores contratados desde hace más de un año. Aunque los empleos de corta duración se revelan más productivos que otros de antigüedad comparable en el sector de los servicios, este diferencial no aparece en el sector de la industria. La utilización de empleos de corta duración no tendría el mismo signifi cado. En la industria, los asalariados recientemente contratados parecen ocupar empleos de productividad idéntica y en consecuencia de naturaleza similar, ya sea que deban permanecer o no en la empresa. En los servicios, los asalariados que ocupan un empleo de corta duración ocupan puestos inmediatamente más productivos para la empresa. Esto podría refl ejar la existencia en estos sectores de empleos que deben ser ocupados menos de un año, para responder a una variabilidad infraanual de la actividad de la empresa. En todos los casos, el hecho de que la productividad de estos empleos sea superior o igual a los otros, a antigüedad comparable, deja pensar que el recurso a los empleos de corta duración no está principalmente motivado por la voluntad de las empresas de seleccionar o de incitar al esfuerzo a sus asalariados. [ger] Der Rückgriff auf kurzfristige Beschäftigungsverhältni sse (von weniger als einem Jahr) durch Unternehmen kann zwei Zielen dienen: Flexibilisierung oder Selektion/ Anreiz. Zur Unterscheidung zwischen beiden wird die Produktivität dieser Arbeitsplätze mit derjenigen der Arbeitnehmer, die seit weniger als einem Jahr beschäftigt sind, aber im Unternehmen verbleiben, und der seit über einem Jahr beschäftigten Arbeitnehmer verglichen. Die kurzfristigen Beschäftigungen sind im Dienstleistungssektor produktiver als die anderen mit gleicher Dauer der Betriebszugehörigkeit, nicht aber in der Industrie. Dort hätte der Rückgriff auf kurzfristige Beschäftigungen nicht die gleiche Bedeutung. In der Industrie besetzen die seit kurzer Zeit eingestellten Arbeitnehmer Arbeitsplätze mit identischer Produktivität und somit mit ähnlichen Merkmalen, unabhängig davon, ob sie im Unternehmen verbleiben oder nicht. Im Dienstleistungssektor besetzen die Beschäftigten mit einem Vertrag von kurzer Dauer Arbeitsplätze, die für das Unternehmen unmittelbar produktiver sind. Dies könnte darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass es in diesen Sektoren Arbeitsplätze gibt, die aufgrund der Schwankung der Unternehmenstätigkeit im Jahresverlauf weniger als ein Jahr besetzt werden. Auf alle Fälle legt die Tatsache, dass die Produktivität dieser Arbeitsplätze über derjenigen anderer mit gleicher Dauer der Betriebszugehörigkeit liegt oder ihr entspricht, den Schluss nahe, dass die Unternehmen nicht auf kurzfristige Beschäftigungsverhältnisse zurückgreifen, um eine Selektion der Arbeitnehmer vorzunehmen oder sie zu mehr Anstrengungen anzuregen. Relative Produktivität und Rückgriff auf kurzfristige Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in den Unternehmen [eng] The use of short-term jobs (fi lled for under a year) by companies may be designed to achieve two objectives: fl exibility and selection/ motivation. In order to distinguish between these aims, the productivity of these jobs is compared with that of employees employed for under a year but remaining with the company and with that of workers employed for over a year. While short-term jobs prove to be more productive than others fi lled for a comparable length of time in the service sector, this differential is not present in the industrial sector. The use of short-term jobs does not appear to have the same meaning in this sector. In industry, recently employed employees seem to fi ll jobs with identical productivity and which are therefore similar in nature, whether or not they are asked to remain in the company. In services, employees fi lling a short-term position fi ll posts which are more immediately productive for the company. This may refl ect the existence in these sectors of positions which must be fi lled for under one year, in order to respond to year-on-year variability in the company’s activity. In any case, the fact that the productivity of these jobs is greater than or equal to others fi lled for a comparable length of time leads us to think that the use of short-term jobs is not mainly motivated by the companies’desire to select their employees or encourage them to work hard. Relative Productivity and the Use of Short-Term Jobs in Companies [fre] L'utilisation des emplois de courte durée (occupés moins d'un an) par les entreprises peut correspondre à deux objectifs, de flexibilité ou de sélection/incitation. Pour distinguer entre ceux-ci, la productivité de ces emplois est comparée à celle des travailleurs embauchés depuis moins d'un an mais restant dans l'entreprise et à celle des travailleurs embauchés depuis plus d'un an. Si les emplois de courte durée se révèlent plus productifs que les autres à ancienneté comparable dans le secteur des services, ce différentiel n'apparaît pas dans le secteur de l'industrie. L'utilisation d'emplois de courte durée n'y aurait pas la même signification. Dans l'industrie, les salariés récemment embauchés semblent occuper des emplois de productivité identique et donc de nature similaire, qu'ils soient appelés à rester ou non dans l'entreprise. Dans les services, les salariés occupant un emploi de courte durée occupent des postes immédiatement plus productifs pour l'entreprise. Cela pourrait refléter l'existence dans ces secteurs d'emplois devant être occupés moins d'une année, pour répondre à une variabilité infra-annuelle de l'activité de l'entreprise. Dans tous les cas, le fait que la productivité de ces emplois soit supérieure ou égale aux autres, à ancienneté comparable, laisse penser que le recours aux emplois de courte durée n'est pas principalement motivé par la volonté des entreprises de sélectionner ou d'inciter à l'effort leurs salariés.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie Leclair & Sébastien Roux, 2007. "Productivité relative et utilisation des emplois de courte durée dans les entreprises," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 405(1), pages 47-76.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2007_num_405_1_7078
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2007.7078
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2007.7078
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Romina Giuliano & Stephan Kampelmann & Benoît Mahy & François Rycx, 2017. "Short Notice, Big Difference? The Effect of Temporary Employment on Firm Competitiveness across Sectors," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 55(2), pages 421-449, June.

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