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Quelques éléments de comparaison des taux de chômage français et américain

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  • Arnaud Lefranc

Abstract

[fre] Quelques éléments de comparaison des taux . Le bas niveau du chômage américain est fréquemment rappelé pour souligner les faibles performances de l'économie française dans ce domaine. Un tel écart de taux agrégés ne permet cependant pas de mesurer les difficultés d'accès à l'emploi des différentes catégories qui composent le marché du travail. Une divergence de taux de chômage au niveau macroéconomique peut en effet refléter soit une différence de qualification (mesurée ici par les diplômes) de la population active, soit un écart de taux de chômage de chacune des catégories de travailleurs, soit de chômage français et américain encore des différences dans l'enregistrement statistique des personnes à la recherche d'emploi. . Pour les travailleurs de plus de 25 ans, le différentiel de taux de chômage s'explique pour l'essentiel par celui des structures de qualification. Cet effet ne peut être mis en avant pour expliquer le chômage des jeunes, dont l'accès à l'emploi est plus difficile en France, à diplôme égal et quel que soit l'indicateur de taux de chômage retenu. [eng] A Comparison of French and American Unemployment Rates . The low level of American unemployment is frequently cited to highlight the French economy's poor performance in this area. However, a difference between aggregate rates is not capable of gauging the obstacles to finding employment for the different groups making up the labour market. A deviation in the unemployment rate at macro- economic level may actually reflect a difference in the working population's skills (measured here by qualifications), variance in unemployment rates for each category . of worker, or differences in how the statistics on job seekers are put together. . The unemployment rate differential for workers over 25 years old can be explained mainly by the different skills structures. This effect cannot be put forward to explain youth unemployment. Young people, for the same level of qualifications, find it more difficult to enter employment in France regardless of the unemployment rate indicator used. [ger] Einige Elemente zum Vergleich der franzôsischen und der amerikanischen Arbeitslosenquote . Die niedrige Arbeitslosigkeit in Amerika wird oftmals ange- hohe Arbeitslosigkeit in den einzelnen Arbeitnehmergrup- fùhrt, um auf die schwachen Leistungen der franzôsi- pen; oder auch eine unterschiedliche statistische Erfas- schen Volkswirtschaft in diesem Bereich hinzuweisen. sung der Arbeitsuchenden widerspiegeln. Eine solche Abweichung aggregierter Arbeitslosenquoten ermôglicht allerdings keine Messung der Schwierigkeiten, die die verschiedenen Arbeitnehmerkategorien, aus denen sich der Arbeitsmarkt zusammensetzt, beim Zu- gang zur Beschàftigung haben. Eine unterschiedliche Arbeitslosenquote auf gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene kann in der Tat entweder einen Qualifikationsunterschied der er- werbstâtigen Bevôlkerung (der hier anhand der Ausbil- dungsabschlùsse gemessen wird) oder eine unterschiedlich . Bei den Arbeitnehmem von ùber 25 Jahren erklârt sich der Unterschied der Arbeitslosenquote im wesentlichen durch die unterschiedlichen Qualifikationsstrukturen. Ein solcher Effekt kann jedoch nicht zur Erklàrung der Arbeitslosigkeit der Jugendlichen herangezogen werden, die bei gleichem AusbildungsabschluB und unabhàngig vom gewàhlten Ar- beitslosigkeitsindikator in Frankreich grôBere Schwierigkeiten beim Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt haben. [spa] Unos elementos de comparacion de las tasas de paro francesa y americana . Se aduce a menudo el bajo nivel del paro americano para subrayar los malos resultados de la economfa francesa en esta materia. Semejante diferencia entre las tasas agre- gadas no permite sin embargo medir las dificultades de acceso al empleo de las diferentes categorfas que componen el mercado de trabajo. Una divergencia de tasa de paro a nivel macroeconômico puede reflejar o bien una diferencia de cualificaciôn (medida aquî por los diplomas) de la poblaciôn activa, o una diferencia de tasa de paro de cada categorîa de trabajadores, o igualmente unas diferencias en el registre estadistico de las personas en busca de empleo. . Para los trabajadores de mâs de 25 anos, el diferencial de tasa de paro se explica en lo esencial por el de las estruc- turas de cualificaciôn. No se puede hacer énfasis en este efecto para explicar el paro de los jôvenes, cuyo acceso al empleo es mâs diffcil en Francia, con diplomas iguales, y cualquiera que sea el indicador retenido.

Suggested Citation

  • Arnaud Lefranc, 1997. "Quelques éléments de comparaison des taux de chômage français et américain," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 301(1), pages 61-72.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1997_num_301_1_2533
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1997.2533
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1997.2533
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    1. repec:adr:anecst:y:1992:i:27:p:06 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Chinhui Juhn & Kevin M. Murphy & Robert H. Topel, 1991. "Why Has the Natural Rate of Unemployment Increased over Time?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 22(2), pages 75-142.
    3. Denis Fougère & Thierry Kamionka, 1992. "Un modéle markovien du marché du travail," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 27, pages 149-188.
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    1. Yannick L'Horty, 2000. "Présentation générale," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 332(1), pages 3-15.
    2. Arnaud Lefranc, 2000. "Wage Losses of Displaced Workers in France and the US?," Econometric Society World Congress 2000 Contributed Papers 1566, Econometric Society.

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