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La réforme du système de santé américain : entre assurance et solidarité

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  • Kim Sébastien Pham

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[eng] The Reform of the American Health System : Between Insurance and Solidarity . The proposed 1 993 reform of the American health system intended to introduce medical coverage for all and improve the sector's financial mechanisms while maintaining the free play of competition. The idea was to mutualize risks at a level higher than that of corporate insurance and introduce compulsory contributions for employers. There were plans to provide strong incentives to gradually replace medicine paid on a consultation basis with treatment invoiced on a capitation basis. Lastly, the regulation of the entire system and especially the monitoring of prices was to be carried out by a federal agency. . Although these reform plans were abandoned, an assessment of their potential effects highlights the advantages that should surely be aimed for in any future proposal to overhaul the American health system. By avoiding restrictions on free-market operations as far as possible, the reform would have clarified the respective performances of the various medical practitioners and insurers while combining equity with efficiency. [spa] La reforma del sistema de sanidad americano : entre seguro y solidaridad . La reforma del sistema de sanidad americano planeada en 1 993 debfa permitir una cobertura médica universal y una mejora de los mecanismos financieros del sector, al mismo tiempo que manteni'a el juego de la competencia capitation". En fin, la regulaciôn de todo el sistema, y sobre todo el control de los precios, debfa corresponderle a un ente federal, Pesé al abandono de tal proyecto de reforma, si se trata de valorar sus efectos potenciales, se le debe concéder méritos que habrân de buscarse dentro de cualquier f utura propuesta de reforma del sistema de sanidad . americano. Por evitar dentro de lo posible todo lo que le perjudicase al juego del mercado, este proyecto presentaba la ventaja de aclarar los resultados tanto de . los diferentes agentes medicos como de los aseguradores, y de asociar equidad y eficacia. [ger] Die Reform des amerikanischen Gesundheitswesens: zwischen Versicherung und Solidaritât . Die fur 1993 geplante Reform des amerikanischen Gesundheitswesens sollte unter Aufrechterhaltung des freien Spiels des Wettbewerbs eine globale medizinische Versorgung und eine Verbesserung der Finanzierungs- mechanismen dieses Systems ermôglichen. Vorgesehen waren die Kollektivierung der Risiken auf einem Niveau, das ûber dem der Unternehmensversicherung lag, und die Einfùhrung derobligatorischen Beitragszahlung fur die Arbeitgeber. Durch starke Anreize wollte man die Einzelleistungsvergùtung schrittweise durch eine "Kopfpauschale" ersetzen. SchlieBlich sollte eine Bundesbehôrde mit der Regulierung des gesamten Systems, insbesondere mit der PreisOberwachung beauftragt werden. . Wenn dieser Reformentwurf letzten Endes auch aufgegeben wurde, so sind bei der Bewertung seiner etwaigen Effekte bestimmte Vorteile nicht von der Hand zu weisen, die es bei jedem Vorschlag fur eine kûnftige Umgestaltung des amerikanischen Gesundheitswesens anzustreben gilt. Diesem Entwurf, bei dem eine Beeintrâchtigung des freien Spiels der Marktkrâfte môglichst vermieden werden sollte, kommt zumindest das Verdienst zu, da3 es die jeweilige Leistungsfâhigkeit der verschiedenen Erbringer von Gesundheits- und Versi- cherungsleistungen aufzeigte und einen Zusammenhang zwischen Gerechtigkeit und Effizienz herstellte. [fre] La réforme du système de santé américain : entre assurance et solidarité . La réforme du système de santé américain envisagée en 1993 devait permettre une couverture médicale universelle et une amélioration des mécanismes financiers du secteur, tout en sauvegardant le jeu de la concurrence. Il s'agissait de mutualiser les risques à un niveau supérieur à celui de l'assurance d'entreprise et d'instituer des cotisations obligatoires pour les employeurs. De fortes incitations au remplacement progressif de la médecine payée à l'acte par des soins facturés « à la capitation » étaient prévues. Enfin, la régulation de l'ensemble du système, et notamment la . surveillance des prix, devait être assurée par une instance fédérale. . Malgré l'abandon de ce projet de réforme, si on en évalue les effets potentiels, on doit lui reconnaître des mérites qui devront sans doute être recherchés dans toute proposition de refonte future du système de santé américain. En évitant autant que possible les atteintes au jeu du marché, ce projet avait en effet l'avantage de clarifier les performances respectives des différents prestataires de soins et des assureurs, et d'associer équité et efficacité.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim Sébastien Pham, 1996. "La réforme du système de santé américain : entre assurance et solidarité," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 291(1), pages 71-85.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1996_num_291_1_6030
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1996.6030
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1996.6030
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David M. Cutler, 1994. "A Guide to Health Care Reform," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(3), pages 13-29, Summer.
    2. Brigitte C. Madrian, 1994. "Employment-Based Health Insurance and Job Mobility: Is there Evidence of Job-Lock?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 109(1), pages 27-54.
    3. Barr, Nicholas, 1992. "Economic Theory and the Welfare State: A Survey and Interpretation," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 30(2), pages 741-803, June.
    4. Barr, Nicholas, 1992. "Economic theory and the welfare state : a survey and interpretation," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 279, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Joseph P. Newhouse, 1994. "Symposium on Health Care Reform," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(3), pages 3-11, Summer.
    6. Uwe E. Reinhardt, 1993. "Comment on the Jackson hole initiatives for a twenty‐first century American health care system," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 2(1), pages 7-14, April.
    7. Douglas Holtz-Eakin, 1993. "Health Insurance Provision and Labor Market Efficiency in the United States," NBER Working Papers 4388, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Peter A. Diamond, 1994. "Two Improvements on the Clinton Framework," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(3), pages 61-66, Summer.
    9. Paul M. Ellwood & Alain C. Enthoven & Lynn Etheredge, 1992. "The Jackson Hole initiatives for a twenty‐first century American health care system," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 1(3), pages 149-168, October.
    10. Robert D. Reischauer, 1993. "Reforming Health Care: Challenge of the Century," Challenge, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(6), pages 21-28, November.
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    1. Frédéric Rupprecht & Bruno Tissot & Frédéric Chatel, 1998. "Le système de santé allemand : vers une plus grande responsabilisation de l'ensemble des acteurs," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 318(1), pages 17-40.
    2. Pascale Breuil-Genier, 1998. "Les enseignements théoriques et pratiques des microsimulations en économie de la santé," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 315(1), pages 73-94.

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