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Les écarts de salaires entre les secteurs public et privé en Afrique francophone : analyse comparative

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  • Jean-Pierre Lachaud

Abstract

[spa] Las disparidades de salarios entre el sector público y el sector privado en Africa francófona : análisis comparativo, . por Jean-Pierre Lachaud.. . En el marco de los programas de ajuste estructural implementados en Africa, la idea de que los salarios del sector público son demasiado elevados respecto de los del sector privado fundamenta en parte las políticas salariales dirigidas al sector público. En verdad, la existencia de un diferencial de salarios a nivel sectorial, que induce una segmentación del mercado de trabajo del sector moderno de las economías africanas ha sido pocas veces objeto de un examen detenido. Disponiendo de datos transversales homogéneos, recogidos a través de encuestas piloto sobre empleo realizadas recientemente a las familias en siete capitales de paises de Africa francófona, y de datos longitudinales inhérentes a un solo país, el autor se propone verificar esta hipótesis con la ayuda de una estimación de funciones de ganancias. . La principal conclusión de esta investigación es de mostrar que las distorsiones observadas en el mercado de trabajo moderno de un gran número de paises de Africa son menos importantes que lo que se crée habitualmente. En la mayoría de los paises considerados, las disparidades de salarios entre el sector público y el sector privado son principalmente imputables a las caracteristicas de los individuos. Este resultado sugiere que la continuación de las políticas que apuntan a una reducción de los salarios del sector público se justifica cada vez menos, social y economicamente. [ger] Die Lohnunterschiede zwischen dem öffentlichen und dem privaten Sektor im frankophonen Afrika: eine komparative Analyse, . von Jean-Pierre Lachaud.. . Im Rahmen der in Afrika durchgeführten Programme zur strukturellen Anpassung beruhen die Lohnpolitiken gegeniiber dem öffentlichen Sektor zum Teil auf der Auffassung, daß die Löhne des öffentlichen Sektors im Verhältnis zu denen des privaten Sektors zu hoch sind. In Wirklichkeit ist das Vorhandensein eines sektoralen Lohnunterschieds, der auf eine Segmentierung des Arbeitsmarktes im modernen Sektor der afrikanischenVolkswirtschaften schließen läßt, jedoch nur selten einer eingehenden Prüning unterzogen worden. Auf der Grundlage homogener transversaler Daten, die aus Piloterhebungen über die Beschäftigung bei den Privathaushalten stammen, die vor kurzem in sieben Hauptstädten von frankophonen afrikanischen Ländern durchgefuhrt worden sind, sowie auf der Basis longitudinaler Daten, die einem einzigen Land inhärent sind, möchte der Autor diese Hypothèse anhand einer Schätzung von Gewinnfunktionen überprüfen. Als wichtigste Schlußfolgerung dieser Untersuchung soil aufgezeigt werden, daß die Verzerrungen auf dem modernen Arbeitsmarkt mancher afrikanischer Länder nicht so bedeutend sind, wie allgemein angenommen wird. In den meisten beriicksichtigten Ländern sind die Lohnunterschiede zwischen dem öffentlichen und dem privaten Sektor im wesentlichen auf die Merkmale der Individuen zurückzufuhren. Dieses Ergebnis legt somit den Schluß nahe, daß die Fortsetzung von Politiken, die auf eine Senkung der Löhne im öffentlichen Sektor abzielen, sowohl wirtschaftlich als auch sozial immer weniger gerechtfern'gt sind. [eng] Wage Deviations between the Public and Private Sectors in French-Speaking Africa: A Comparative Analysis, . by Jean-Pierre Lachaud.. . In the structural adjustment programmes implemented in Africa, the idea that public-sector wages are too high compared with private-sector wages forms one of the bases for public-sector wage policies. Yet few studies have actually examined the existence of a sectorial wage differential resulting in a segmentation of the modern sector's labour market in African economies. The author sets out to check this hypothesis using an estimate of gains functions. He bases his work on homogeneous transversal data, taken from recent pilot employment surveys of households in seven French-speaking African capitals, and on longitudinal data inherent to a single country. The main conclusion of this research is that distortions on the modern labour markets of many African countries are not as great as is normally thought. In most of the countries considered, wage deviations between the public and private sectors are essentially due to individual characteristics. This result suggests that the continuation of policies to reduce public-sector wages is no longer totally justifiable, either economically or socially. [fre] Les écarts de salaires entre les secteurs public et privé en Afrique francophone : analyse comparative, . par Jean-Pierre Lachaud.. . Dans le cadre des programmes d'ajustement structurel mis en oeuvre en Afrique, l'idée que les salaires du secteur public sont trop élevés par rapport à ceux du secteur privé fonde en partie les politiques salariales à l'égard du secteur public. En vérité, l'exitence d'un différentiel sectoriel de salaires, induisant une segmentation du marché du travail du secteur moderne des économies africainese, a rarement fait l' objet d'un examen attentif. En se fondant sur des données transversales homogènes, issues d'enquêtes emploi pilotes auprès des ménages récemment réalisées dans sept capitales de pays d'Afrique francophone, et des données longitudinales inhérentes à un seul pays, l'auteur se propose de vérifier cette hypothèse à l'aide d'une estimation de fonctions de gains. La principale conclusion de cette recherche est de montrer que les distorsions sur le marché du travail moderne de maints pays d'Afrique sont moins importantes qu'on ne le pense habituellement. Dans la plupart des pays pris en considération, les écarts de salaires entre les secteurs public et privé sont essentiellement imputables aux caractéristiques des individus. Ce résultat suggère que la poursuite de politiques visant à réduire les salaires du secteur public tend à ne plus se justifier, économiquement et socialement.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Lachaud, 1994. "Les écarts de salaires entre les secteurs public et privé en Afrique francophone : analyse comparative," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 116(5), pages 89-118.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1994_num_116_5_5701
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1994.5701
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1994.5701
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    1. James J. Heckman, 1976. "The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models," NBER Chapters, in: Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Volume 5, number 4, pages 475-492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Oaxaca, Ronald, 1973. "Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 14(3), pages 693-709, October.
    3. Lindauer, David L. & Sabot, Richard H., 1983. "The public/private wage differential in a poor urban economy," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1-2), pages 137-152.
    4. repec:eee:labchp:v:1:y:1986:i:c:p:525-602 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Idson, Todd L & Feaster, Daniel J, 1990. "A Selectivity Model of Employer-Size Wage Differentials," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 8(1), pages 99-122, January.
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    1. Lassibille, Gerard, 1998. "Wage Gaps Between the Public and Private Sectors in Spain," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 83-92, February.
    2. Faouzi Sboui, 2006. "Le dualisme du marché du travail en Tunisie : choix occupationnel et écart salarial," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 174(3), pages 21-37.
    3. Rama,Martin G., 1998. "Wage misalignment in CFA countries: are labor market policies to blame?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1873, The World Bank.

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