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Pay gaps in the National Health Service: Gender and sexuality

Author

Listed:
  • Karen Ann Mumford
  • Edith Aguirre
  • Anna Einarsdöttir
  • Bridget Lockyer
  • Melisa Sayli
  • Benjamin Arthur Smith

Abstract

Studies investigating the relationship between gender, sexual identity and pay have increased in number and scope over the last three decades, enabling a greater understanding of the outcomes facing LGB+ workers in the labour market. Pay gap studies that also allow for the disclosure of sexual identity in the workplace are, however, very rare. Using a rich survey of employees from the National Health Service in England, this article considers the relationship between relative pay, LGB+ identity, and disclosure for both men and women. While the findings reveal substantial heterogeneity within the LGB + , disclosure is shown to be related to higher pay from larger returns on the endowments of LGB+ employees (men or women), especially so for men.

Suggested Citation

  • Karen Ann Mumford & Edith Aguirre & Anna Einarsdöttir & Bridget Lockyer & Melisa Sayli & Benjamin Arthur Smith, 2026. "Pay gaps in the National Health Service: Gender and sexuality," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 21(3), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0342384
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0342384
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Barbara F. Reskin & Denise D. Bielby, 2005. "A Sociological Perspective on Gender and Career Outcomes," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 19(1), pages 71-86, Winter.
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