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Tackling the mangrove restoration challenge

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  • Catherine E Lovelock
  • Edward Barbier
  • Carlos M Duarte

Abstract

Mangroves have been converted and degraded for decades. Rates of loss have declined over the past decades, but achieving resilient coastlines requires both conservation and restoration. Here, we outline the challenges for the global restoration of mangroves and what actions could enhance restoration. Ambitious global targets for mangrove restoration, if successful, could deliver global benefits of carbon sequestration, fisheries production, biodiversity, and coastal protection. However, large-scale mangrove planting efforts have often failed, and smaller projects may not deliver landscape-scale benefits, even though they are more suited to community management. Solutions to achieving global targets include reducing risks of large projects and increasing the uptake and effectiveness of smaller projects. Sustainable mangrove restoration requires investment in capacity building in communities and institutions, and mechanisms to match restoration opportunities with prospective supporters and investors. Global reporting standards will support adaptive management and help fully understand and monitor the benefits of mangrove restoration.Restoration of mangroves is urgently needed and contributes to climate change mitigation, but often faces biophysical, social, economic and regulatory barriers. This Essay describes emerging solutions supporting restoration of mangroves - solutions that are needed to fully implement restoration goals and achieve resilient, sustainable coastal communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Catherine E Lovelock & Edward Barbier & Carlos M Duarte, 2022. "Tackling the mangrove restoration challenge," PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(10), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pbio00:3001836
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001836
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. J. Chen & V. Mueller, 2018. "Coastal climate change, soil salinity and human migration in Bangladesh," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 8(11), pages 981-985, November.
    2. Urs Baumgartner & Tuan Hoang Nguyen, 2017. "Organic certification for shrimp value chains in Ca Mau, Vietnam: a means for improvement or an end in itself?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 987-1002, June.
    3. Jakovac, Catarina C. & Latawiec, Agnieszka Ewa & Lacerda, Eduardo & Leite Lucas, Isabella & Korys, Katarzyna Anna & Iribarrem, Alvaro & Malaguti, Gustavo Abreu & Turner, R. Kerry & Luisetti, Tiziana &, 2020. "Costs and Carbon Benefits of Mangrove Conservation and Restoration: A Global Analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
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    1. Chuancheng Fu & Shannon G. Klein & Jessica Breavington & Kah Kheng Lim & Alexandra Steckbauer & Carlos M. Duarte, 2025. "Nonuniform organic carbon stock loss in soils across disturbed blue carbon ecosystems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.

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