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Bizonytalanság és a jövedelmek újraelosztása iránti igény Magyarországon
[Uncertainty and the demand for redistribution in Hungary]

Author

Listed:
  • Molnár, György
  • Kapitány, Zsuzsa

Abstract

A munkaerő-piaci helyzet, a képzettség, bizonyos családszerkezeti összefüggések és a jövedelmi mobilitás a legfontosabbak azok közül az objektív tényezők közül, amely a jövedelem-újraelosztás iránti igényt meghatározzák. A munkanélküliek és kvázi-munkanélküliek, az alacsony képzettségűek újraelosztás iránti igénye - jövedelmüktől függetlenül - magasabb az átlagnál, a vállalkozóké, vezető beosztásúaké alacsonyabb. A tartósan lefelé irányuló jövedelmi mobilitás növeli az újraelosztás iránti igényt, a tartósan felfelé irányuló azonban egyáltalán nem csökkenti, sőt, bizonyos esetekben szintén növeli. Ennek kapcsán vizsgáljuk a tényleges és a szubjektív mobilitás szisztematikus eltérésének okait. Az újraelosztáshoz való viszonyt nem annyira a tényleges anyagi helyzet, hanem az anyagi ranglétrán elfoglalt pozíció szubjektív megítélése befolyásolja. 2002-ben a magyar társadalom jelentős többsége a középnél lejjebb sorolta magát, ami az újraelosztás igen magas támogatottságának egyik magyarázata lehet. Az életükkel elégedetlenek az átlagnál sokkal inkább újraelosztás-pártiak. Minél bizonytalanabb valaki - és ez a bizonytalanság elsősorban a munkanélküliségtől való félelemben nyilvánul meg -, annál inkább pártolja az újraelosztást. A jelennel és a jövővel kapcsolatban legbizonytalanabbak a leginkább csalódottak, egyben a gazdagokkal szembeni ellenérzések is náluk a legerősebbek. A jövedelmi mobilitás érzékelése helyzetfüggő, különösen a biztonság hiánya befolyásolja. Gazdaságpolitikai következtetésünk az, hogy az újraelosztás iránti igény csökkentése elsősorban a munkaerő-piaci bizonytalanság csökkentésével és a képzettségi szint emelésével, nem pedig a jövedelmek közvetlen emelésével érhető el. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: D31, D63, D80, J62, I31, H50.

Suggested Citation

  • Molnár, György & Kapitány, Zsuzsa, 2007. "Bizonytalanság és a jövedelmek újraelosztása iránti igény Magyarországon [Uncertainty and the demand for redistribution in Hungary]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 201-232.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:900
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    Cited by:

    1. Molnár, György & Kapitány, Zsuzsa, 2013. "Munkahely a közszférában. Biztonság és hivatás, a szubjektív szempontok szerepe [Public sector employment. Security and social mission- the role of subjective aspects]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 781-813.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • D80 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - General
    • J62 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Job, Occupational and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General

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