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Spatial Distribution of Retail Sales

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  • Ming-Long Lee
  • R. Kelley Pace

Abstract

We examine the distribution of sales for a retail chain in the Houston market using a spatial gravity model. Unlike previous empirical studies, our approach models spatial dependencies among both consumers and retailers. The results show that both forms of spatial dependence exert statistically and economically significant impacts on the estimates of parameters in retail gravity models. Contrary to the suggestions of (Gautschi, D. A. (1981). “Specification of Patronage Models for Retail Center Choice,” Journal of Marketing Research 18, 162–174.) as well as (Eppli, M. J., and J. D. Shilling. (1996). “How Critical Is a Good Location to a Regional Shopping Center?” Journal of Real Estate Research 12, 459–468.), our results show the importance of the distance parameter in retail gravity models may be greatly understated. Thus, ignoring spatial dependence may lead to overestimation of the deterministic extent of trade areas, and underestimate the importance of good locations. Copyright Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005

Suggested Citation

  • Ming-Long Lee & R. Kelley Pace, 2005. "Spatial Distribution of Retail Sales," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 31(1), pages 53-69, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jrefec:v:31:y:2005:i:1:p:53-69
    DOI: 10.1007/s11146-005-0993-5
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    1. Mark J. Eppli & James D. Shilling, 1996. "How Critical Is a Good Location to a Regional Shopping Center?," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 12(3), pages 459-468.
    2. A. Porojan, 2001. "Trade Flows and Spatial Effects: The Gravity Model Revisited," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 265-280, July.
    3. Mark J. Eppli & John D. Benjamin, 1994. "The Evolution of Shopping Center Research: A Review and Analysis," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 9(1), pages 5-32.
    4. Hardin, William G, III & Wolverton, Marvin L, 2001. "Neighborhood Center Image and Rents," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 31-46, July.
    5. S Brown, 1992. "The Wheel of Retail Gravitation?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 24(10), pages 1409-1429, October.
    6. Okoruwa, A. Ason & Terza, Joseph V. & Nourse, Hugh O., 1988. "Estimating patronization shares for urban retail centers: An extension of the Poisson gravity model," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 241-259, November.
    7. Mark J. Eppli & James D. Shilling, 1996. "How Critical is a Good Location to a Regional Shopping Center?," Wisconsin-Madison CULER working papers 96-03, University of Wisconsin Center for Urban Land Economic Research.
    8. C.F. Sirmans & Krisandra A. Guidry, 1993. "The Determinants of Shopping Center Rents," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 8(1), pages 107-116.
    9. A. Ason Okoruwa & Hugh O. Nourse & Joseph V. Terza, 1994. "Estimating Sales for Retail Centers: An Application of the Poisson Gravity Model," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 9(1), pages 85-98.
    10. Dean H. Gatzlaff & G. Stacy Sirmans & Barry A. Diskin, 1994. "The Effect of Anchor Tenant Loss on Shopping Center Rents," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 9(1), pages 99-110.
    11. Pace, R Kelley & Gilley, Otis W, 1997. "Using the Spatial Configuration of the Data to Improve Estimation," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 333-340, May.
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    3. Sgrignoli, Paolo & Metulini, Rodolfo & Schiavo, Stefano & Riccaboni, Massimo, 2015. "The relation between global migration and trade networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 417(C), pages 245-260.
    4. Wieland, Thomas, 2014. "Räumliches Einkaufsverhalten und Standortpolitik im Einzelhandel unter Berücksichtigung von Agglomerationseffekten: Theoretische Erklärungsansätze, modellanalytische Zugänge und eine empirisch-ökonome," MPRA Paper 77163, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Kelley Pace, R. & LeSage, James P., 2008. "A spatial Hausman test," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 101(3), pages 282-284, December.
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    10. James P. LeSage & R. Kelley Pace, 2008. "Spatial Econometric Modeling Of Origin‐Destination Flows," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(5), pages 941-967, December.
    11. Laurent, Thibault & Margaretic, Paula & Thomas-Agnan, Christine, 2021. "Do neighboring countries matter when explaining bilateral remittances?," TSE Working Papers 21-1221, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    12. Oshan, Taylor M., 2020. "The spatial structure debate in spatial interaction modeling: 50 years on," OSF Preprints 42vxn, Center for Open Science.
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    15. John Clapp & Katsiaryna Bardos & Tingyu Zhou, 2014. "Expansions and Contractions of Major US Shopping Centers," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 16-56, January.
    16. Angulo, A. M. & Mtimet, N. & Dhehibi, B. & Atwi, M. & Ben Youssef , O. & Gil, J. M. & Sai, M. B., 2011. "A revisited gravity equation in trade flow analysis: an application to the case of Tunisian olive oil exports," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 21, pages 225-239.
    17. Jinju Kim & Jaecheol Kim & Sangkyeong Lee, 2024. "Impact of Spatial Characteristics on Gendered Retail Consumption in Seoul: A Gender-Sensitive Urban Planning Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-23, July.
    18. Rasouli, Soora & Timmermans, Harry, 2013. "Assessment of model uncertainty in destinations and travel forecasts of models of complex spatial shopping behaviour," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 139-146.
    19. T Drezner & Z Drezner, 2008. "Lost demand in a competitive environment," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 59(3), pages 362-371, March.
    20. Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu & Jean-Louis Routhier & Charles Raux, 2010. "An attractiveness-based model for shopping trips in urban areas," Post-Print halshs-00690098, HAL.

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