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Finance and sources of growth: evidence from the U.S. states

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  • Michał Jerzmanowski

    (Clemson University)

Abstract

How does financial development affect economic growth: through its impact on accumulation of physical and human capital or by boosting total factor productivity (TFP) growth? We use a new data set on output, inputs, and total factor productivity for the US states to study this question. Unlike previous cross-country research that tries to disentangle the channels through which financial development impacts growth, we use a plausibly exogenous measure of financial development: the timing of banking deregulation across states during the period 1970–2000. At the same time our new data set allows us to go beyond what was previously done in the state banking deregulation literature and identify whether finance impacts states’ input accumulation or TFP growth. We find, in line with existing cross-country studies, that deregulation boosts growth by accelerating both TFP growth and the accumulation of physical capital without having any impact on human capital. In contrast to the cross-country studies, we also find that the effects of deregulation are largely independent of states’ initial level of development; both rich and poor states grow faster after deregulation. Additionally, since our data set breaks down aggregate output into three sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and the remaining industries, we are able to show that deregulation accelerates the growth of productivity in manufacturing. This last finding answers an important critique of the banking deregulation studies which asserts that observed growth effects may be coming from the growth of financial industry itself and not from the beneficial effect of finance on other industries, such as manufacturing.

Suggested Citation

  • Michał Jerzmanowski, 2017. "Finance and sources of growth: evidence from the U.S. states," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 97-122, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:kap:jecgro:v:22:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1007_s10887-016-9135-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s10887-016-9135-6
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    2. Jeremy Greenwood & Juan M. Sanchez & Cheng Wang, 2010. "Financing Development: The Role of Information Costs," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(4), pages 1875-1891, September.
    3. Kufenko, Vadim & Prettner, Klaus, 2021. "Do you know your biases? A Monte Carlo analysis of dynamic panel data estimators," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 316, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
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    13. John Nkwoma Inekwe, 2022. "Economic performance in Africa: The role of fragile financial system," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(6), pages 1910-1936, June.
    14. Rajeev K. Goel & James W. Saunoris & Friedrich Schneider, 2019. "Growth In The Shadows: Effect Of The Shadow Economy On U.S. Economic Growth Over More Than A Century," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 37(1), pages 50-67, January.
    15. Nedra Baklouti & Younes Boujelbene, 2020. "A simultaneous equation model of economic growth and shadow economy: Is there a difference between the developed and developing countries?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 151-170, February.
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    17. Alberto Bucci & Boubacar Diallo & Simone Marsiglio, 2023. "On The Nonlinearity of the Finance and Growth Relation: the Role of Human Capital," CEIS Research Paper 567, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, revised 20 Nov 2023.
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