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Exploring the dynamics of the balance of payments problems: the case of Afghanistan

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Hadi Sultani

    (Kabul University)

  • U. Faisal

    (Kannur University)

Abstract

This study analyzes the size, behavior, and responsible factors behind the balance of payments (BOP) problems in Afghanistan from 2004 to 2020. Since the impact of the real indicators on the BOP of Afghanistan still remains unexplored, this article comprehensively analyzes the primary responsible factors for the BOP problems in Afghanistan. First, a comprehensive critical analysis of the BOP and its components is performed. Second, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is conducted to empirically scrutinize the influence of fiscal policy variables like government spending (GEX), tax on international trade (TIT), external debt (EXD), and GDP on the BOP. The empirical results revealed that GDP has a significantly positive impact on Afghanistan’s BOP in the long run, whereas the influence of GEX on the BOP is significantly negative. Furthermore, it was found that TIT and EXD have insignificant association with BOP. Although there is a meaningful convergence towards long-run equilibrium with an adjustment speed of 94.95% in each period, none of the covariates has a significant effect on the BOP in the short run. Furthermore, the Granger causality test exposed a bidirectional causality between GEX and BOP and a one-way causation from GDP to BOP. The study recommends structural changes in the economy to increase domestic production and improvements in the composition and direction of exports and imports, redirect government spending in favor of domestic producers, and source external debt with improved debt conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Hadi Sultani & U. Faisal, 2024. "Exploring the dynamics of the balance of payments problems: the case of Afghanistan," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 569-592, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:iecepo:v:21:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s10368-024-00613-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10368-024-00613-z
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Balance of payments; Current account; Capital account; Trade balance; Fiscal policy; External debt;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East

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