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A multilevel analysis of the contextual effects in distance education outcomes during COVID-19

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  • Umut TURK

    (Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey)

Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak has forced countries to take extensive measures aimed at minimizing human contact. In this crisis period, distance education has played a crucial role in ensuring continuous learning. However, not all locations have had the same maturity level regarding infrastructure availability, and the city-level heterogeneity in socioeconomic structures might have impeded equal access to distance education. This paper focuses on the contextual dimension of distance education by a comparative approach between in-person and distance education outcomes in Turkey. By a multilevel modelling approach, student outcomes are examined against a set of student-level and city-level determinants of academic success during the COVID-19 period compared to the same academic semester in the previous year. The findings support previous studies, discussing the long-term contextual effects on student outcomes and show that the digital divide between the rural and urban areas and income inequality are the main drivers of city-level variation in students' success during the pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Umut TURK, 2021. "A multilevel analysis of the contextual effects in distance education outcomes during COVID-19," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 12, pages 149-169, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:jes:journl:y:2021:v:12(si):p:149-169
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-SI07
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mehmet Güney Celbiş & Pui‐hang Wong & Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp, 2023. "Impacts of the COVID‐19 outbreak on older‐age cohorts in European Labor Markets: A machine learning exploration of vulnerable groups," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(3), pages 559-584, April.

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