IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ipf/psejou/v48y2024i4p529-552.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Central bank balance sheet and inflation in a euroised small open economy: a cointegrated SVAR analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Gent Sejko

    (Governor, Bank of Albania, Tirana, Albania)

  • Altin Tanku

    (Director, Research Department, Bank of Albania, Tirana, Albania)

Abstract

The Bank of Albania has not employed traditional balance sheet policies; however, it has taken a series of policy actions that have increased the proportion of nonborrowed relative to borrowed components of the monetary base and its balance sheet liabilities. We aim to investigate whether these changes in the structure of the central bank balance sheet gave rise to additional monetary shocks with direct effects on inflation. The hypothesis is tested by estimating a small structural VAR model with cointegrated I(1) and I(0) policy and non-policy variables. We identify long-run restrictions based on the embedded structure of the data generating process, as defined by cointegration relationships. Our findings suggest that an increase in the share of non-borrowed components of the monetary base has direct and indirect positive effects on inflation. We argue that the identification of this monetary shock has significant implications for the central bank and its monetary policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Gent Sejko & Altin Tanku, 2024. "Central bank balance sheet and inflation in a euroised small open economy: a cointegrated SVAR analysis," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 48(4), pages 529-552.
    • Handle: RePEc:ipf:psejou:v:48:y:2024:i:4:p:529-552
    DOI: 10.3326/pse.48.4.6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://pse-journal.hr/upload/files/pse/2024/4/Central_bank_balance_sheet_and_inflation_in_a_euroised_small_open_economy___a_cointegrated_SVAR_analysis.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3326/pse.48.4.6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shijaku, Gerti, 2016. "The role of money as an important pillar for monetary policy: the case of Albania," MPRA Paper 79088, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Ilir Miteza & Altin Tanku, 2020. "Exchange rate changes and money demand in Albania: a nonlinear ARDL analysis," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 619-633, November.
    3. Ben S. Bernanke & Ilian Mihov, 1998. "Measuring Monetary Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 113(3), pages 869-902.
    4. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    5. Buiter, Willem H., 2014. "The simple analytics of helicopter money: Why it works - always," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 8, pages 1-51.
    6. Lars E.O. Svensson, 2003. "Escaping from a Liquidity Trap and Deflation: The Foolproof Way and Others," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 17(4), pages 145-166, Fall.
    7. Ilir Miteza & Altin Tanku & Ilir Vika, 2023. "Is the floating exchange rate a shock absorber in Albania? Evidence from SVAR models," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 1297-1326, April.
    8. Bernanke, Ben S, 1995. "The Macroeconomics of the Great Depression: A Comparative Approach," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 27(1), pages 1-28, February.
    9. Gauti B. Eggertsson & Michael Woodford, 2003. "Optimal Monetary Policy in a Liquidity Trap," NBER Working Papers 9968, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Sumner, Scott, 2021. "The Princeton School and the Zero Lower Bound," Working Papers 10999, George Mason University, Mercatus Center.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ben S. Bernanke & Vincent R. Reinhart & Brian P. Sack, 2004. "Monetary Policy Alternatives at the Zero Bound: An Empirical Assessment," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 35(2), pages 1-100.
    2. Gomes, Sandra, 2018. "Euro area structural reforms in times of a global crisis," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 28-45.
    3. Sohei Kaihatsu & Koichiro Kamada & Mitsuru Katagiri, 2016. "Theoretical Foundations for Quantitative Easing," IMES Discussion Paper Series 16-E-04, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan.
    4. Francis E. Warnock & Veronica C. Warnock, 2005. "International Capital Flows and U.S. Interest Rates," The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp103, IIIS.
    5. Schenkelberg, Heike & Watzka, Sebastian, 2013. "Real effects of quantitative easing at the zero lower bound: Structural VAR-based evidence from Japan," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 327-357.
    6. Nicholas Crafts, 2014. "What Does the 1930s' Experience Tell Us about the Future of the Eurozone?," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(4), pages 713-727, July.
    7. Keiichiro Kobayashi & Masaru Inaba, 2006. "Borrowing constraints and protracted recessions," Discussion papers 06011, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    8. Roberto M. Billi, 2011. "Optimal Inflation for the US Economy," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 3(3), pages 29-52, July.
    9. Lukáš Kovanda & Martin Komrska, 2017. "Deflace, odklad spotřeby a hospodářské krize: rétorika centrálních bank vs. ekonomická literatura [Deflation and Economic Crisis: Central Banks' Rhetoric vs. Economic Literature]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2017(3), pages 351-369.
    10. Khalil Mhadhbi & Chokri Terzi, 2022. "Shadow economy threshold effect in the relationship finance–growth in Tunisia: A nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 636-651, April.
    11. Nusair, Salah A. & Olson, Dennis & Al-Khasawneh, Jamal A., 2024. "Asymmetric effects of economic policy uncertainty on demand for money in developed countries," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    12. Leonardo Gambacorta & Boris Hofmann & Gert Peersman, 2014. "The Effectiveness of Unconventional Monetary Policy at the Zero Lower Bound: A Cross‐Country Analysis," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 46(4), pages 615-642, June.
    13. Arne Bigsten, 2005. "Can Japan Make a Comeback?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(4), pages 595-606, April.
    14. Elisa Keller, 2007. "Classical and Bayesian Methods for the VAR Analysis: International Comparisons," Rivista di Politica Economica, SIPI Spa, vol. 97(6), pages 149-202, November-.
    15. Shijaku, Gerti, 2016. "Foreign currency lending in Albania," MPRA Paper 79087, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Pavon-Prado, David, 2019. "Have we been measuring monetary policy correctly? Analysing the Federal Reserve’s policies over the last century," IFCS - Working Papers in Economic History.WH 28342, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto Figuerola.
    17. Caballero, Ricardo & Gourinchas, Pierre-Olivier & Farhi, Emmanuel, 2015. "Global Imbalances and Currency Wars at the ZLB," CEPR Discussion Papers 10905, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    18. Ricardo J Caballero & Emmanuel Farhi & Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, 2021. "Global Imbalances and Policy Wars at the Zero Lower Bound [“Safe Assets”]," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 88(6), pages 2570-2621.
    19. McGough, Bruce & Rudebusch, Glenn D. & Williams, John C., 2005. "Using a long-term interest rate as the monetary policy instrument," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(5), pages 855-879, July.
    20. Beckworth, David, 2017. "Permanent versus temporary monetary base Injections: Implications for past and future Fed Policy," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 54(PA), pages 110-126.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    monetary policy; structural VAR; cointegration; permanent monetary injections; central bank balance sheet;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ipf:psejou:v:48:y:2024:i:4:p:529-552. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Martina Fabris (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ijfffhr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.