IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/hig/fsight/v11y2017i4p23-32.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Solo Self-Employment, Human Capital and Hybrid Labour in the Gig Economy

Author

Listed:
  • Dieter Boegenhold

    (Alpen-Adria-Universitat Klagenfurt (Austria))

  • Robert Klinglmair

    (Alpen-Adria-Universitat Klagenfurt (Austria))

  • Florian Kandutsch

    (Alpen-Adria-Universitat Klagenfurt (Austria))

Abstract

In a framework of changing contextual factors, this paper deals with one-person enterprises as the smallest units of entrepreneurial companies, which already represent more than 50% of Austrian companies. Within these micro-enterprises, a special group of self-employed can be identified at the blurred boundaries between dependent work and self-employment: the hybrid solo self-employed, which are primarily operating as a sideline business. These hybrid forms enormously differ from regular entrepreneurs that perform their self-employment as their main business. Based on our own empirical survey, the paper aims to examine whether hybrid entrepreneurs are a homogeneous group or if differences exist with respect to their human capital. Our findings reveal several differences concerning for example, (dependent and self-employment) income, working hours, or one’s main workplace. it can be summarized that education matters when looking at the different aspects of hybrid self-employment activity.

Suggested Citation

  • Dieter Boegenhold & Robert Klinglmair & Florian Kandutsch, 2017. "Solo Self-Employment, Human Capital and Hybrid Labour in the Gig Economy," Foresight and STI Governance (Foresight-Russia till No. 3/2015), National Research University Higher School of Economics, vol. 11(4), pages 23-32.
    • Handle: RePEc:hig:fsight:v:11:y:2017:i:4:p:23-32
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://foresight-journal.hse.ru/data/2018/01/08/1160529939/2-Boegenhold%20et%20al%20-%2023-32.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Timothy B. Folta & Frédéric Delmar & Karl Wennberg, 2010. "Hybrid Entrepreneurship," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(2), pages 253-269, February.
    2. Schulz, Matthias & Urbig, Diemo & Procher, Vivien, 2016. "Hybrid entrepreneurship and public policy: The case of firm entry deregulation," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 272-286.
    3. Dieter Bögenhold & Jarna Heinonen & Elisa Akola, 2014. "Entrepreneurship and Independent Professionals: Social and Economic Logics," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 20(3), pages 295-310, August.
    4. David Audretsch, 2009. "The entrepreneurial society," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 245-254, June.
    5. McKeown, Tui, 2016. "A consilience framework: Revealing hidden features of the independent contractor," Journal of Management & Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(6), pages 779-796, November.
    6. Bögenhold, Dieter & Klinglmair, Andrea, 2016. "Organizations, Occupations and Decentral Work: On Hybridity and Ambiguity of Own-Account Workers," MPRA Paper 76860, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. David J. Deming, 2017. "The Growing Importance of Social Skills in the Labor Market," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 132(4), pages 1593-1640.
    8. Åke E. Andersson & David Emanuel Andersson, 2017. "Time, Space and Capital," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 15590.
    9. Dieter Bögenhold & Udo Staber, 1991. "The Decline and Rise of Self-Employment," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 5(2), pages 223-239, June.
    10. Davidsson, Per & Achtenhagen, Leona & Naldi, Lucia, 2010. "Small Firm Growth," Foundations and Trends(R) in Entrepreneurship, now publishers, vol. 6(2), pages 69-166, May.
    11. Baumol, William J., 1996. "Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 3-22, January.
    12. Jean Bonnet, 2007. "Entrepreneurship and the Region," Post-Print halshs-00337438, HAL.
    13. Bharat Vagadia, 2012. "Strategic Outsourcing," Management for Professionals, Springer, number 978-3-642-22209-2, December.
    14. Wynn, Michael T, 2016. "Chameleons at large: Entrepreneurs, employees and firms – the changing context of employment relationships," Journal of Management & Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(6), pages 826-842, November.
    15. Manuel Castells, 2010. "Globalisation, Networking, Urbanisation: Reflections on the Spatial Dynamics of the Information Age," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(13), pages 2737-2745, November.
    16. Gerald Friedman, 2014. "Workers without employers: shadow corporations and the rise of the gig economy," Review of Keynesian Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 2(2), pages 171-188, April.
    17. Bögenhold, Dieter & Klinglmair, Andrea, 2016. "Independent work, modern organizations and entrepreneurial labor: Diversity and hybridity of freelancers and self-employment," Journal of Management & Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(6), pages 843-858, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Nawaz Tunio & Iffat Sabir Chaudhry & Sadia Shaikh & Mushtaque Ali Jariko & Mohsen Brahmi, 2021. "Determinants of the Sustainable Entrepreneurial Engagement of Youth in Developing Country—An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-17, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bögenhold, Dieter & Klinglmair, Robert & Kandutsch, Florian, 2018. "Self-employment on the way in a digital economy: A variety of shades of grey," MPRA Paper 85321, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Philippe Rouchy & Sam Tavassoli & Joakim Wernberg, 2021. "Heterogeneous hybrid entrepreneurs - framing the variation in entrepreneurial effort and motives for hybrid entrepreneurship," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 42(1/2), pages 115-129.
    3. Dieter Bogenhold & Andrea Klinglmair, 2015. "Micro-Entrepreneurship: Tendency towards Precarious Work? Empirical Findings for Austria," Athens Journal of Business & Economics, Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER), vol. 1(2), pages 107-122, April.
    4. Kun Fu & Anne-Sophie Larsson & Karl Wennberg, 2018. "Habitual entrepreneurs in the making: how labour market rigidity and employment affects entrepreneurial re-entry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(2), pages 465-482, August.
    5. Klyver, Kim & Steffens, Paul & Lomberg, Carina, 2020. "Having your cake and eating it too? A two-stage model of the impact of employment and parallel job search on hybrid nascent entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(5).
    6. Dieter Bögenhold & Andrea Klinglmair, 2017. "One-person enterprises and the phenomenon of hybrid self-employment: evidence from an empirical study," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 44(2), pages 383-404, May.
    7. Asante, Eric Adom & Affum-Osei, Emmanuel, 2019. "Entrepreneurship as a career choice: The impact of locus of control on aspiring entrepreneurs' opportunity recognition," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 227-235.
    8. Claire Economidou & Luca Grilli & Magnus Henrekson & Mark Sanders, 2018. "Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial Society," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(2), pages 279-291, August.
    9. Andrew Burke & Serhiy Lyalkov & Ana Millán & José María Millán & André Stel, 2021. "How do country R&D change the allocation of self-employment across different types?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 695-721, February.
    10. Erik Lundmark & Anna Krzeminska & Dean A. Shepherd, 2019. "Images of Entrepreneurship: Exploring Root Metaphors and Expanding Upon Them," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 138-170, January.
    11. Marin, Giovanni & Vona, Francesco, 2023. "Finance and the reallocation of scientific, engineering and mathematical talent," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(5).
    12. Couyoumdjian, Juan Pablo, 2012. "Who walks out? Entrepreneurship in a global economy," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 158-165.
    13. Rajeev Goel & Devrim Göktepe-Hultén, 2013. "Nascent entrepreneurship and inventive activity: a somewhat new perspective," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 38(4), pages 471-485, August.
    14. Bögenhold, Dieter & Fachinger, Uwe, 2012. "Unternehmertum: Unterschiedliche Facetten selbstständiger Berufstätigkeit [Entrepreneurship: Diverse aspects of self-employment]," MPRA Paper 51459, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Michael Böhm & Daniel Metzger & Per Strömberg, 2022. "“Since You’re So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart”: Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 147, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    16. Szaban Jolanta & Skrzek-Lubasińska Małgorzata, 2018. "Self-Employment and Entrepreneurship: A Theoretical Approach," Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, Sciendo, vol. 26(2), pages 89-120, June.
    17. Halvarsson, Daniel & Korpi, Martin & Wennberg, Karl, 2018. "Entrepreneurship and income inequality," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 275-293.
    18. Alexander Chepurenko, 2015. "Entrepreneurship Theory: New Challenges and Future Prospects," Foresight-Russia Форсайт, CyberLeninka;Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», vol. 9(2 (eng)), pages 44-57.
    19. Fritsch, Michael & Sorgner, Alina & Wyrwich, Michael, 2019. "Self-employment and well-being across institutional contexts," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 34(6).
    20. Roy Thurik, 2014. "Entrepreneurship and the business cycle," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 1-90, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    structural change; labour market; gig economy; self-employment; entrepreneurship; hybridity; human capital;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J62 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Job, Occupational and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hig:fsight:v:11:y:2017:i:4:p:23-32. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Nataliya Gavrilicheva or Mikhail Salazkin (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/hsecoru.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.