IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v8y2016i9p872-d77045.html

Effect of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Measures on Active Living and Fear of Crime

Author

Listed:
  • Jae Seung Lee

    (Department of Urban Design and Planning, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Korea)

  • Sungjin Park

    (Department of Urban Design and Planning, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Korea)

  • Sanghoon Jung

    (Department of Urban Planning, Gachon University, Seongnamdaero 1342, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea)

Abstract

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) has become a popular urban planning approach to preventing crime and mitigating fear of crime through the improvement of physical neighborhood environments. CPTED is widely used to improve deteriorated neighborhoods that suffer from crime. However, few studies have empirically examined the complex relationships among CPTED, fear of crime, and active living. Our study, therefore, investigated the effects of CPTED measures on walking frequency and fear of crime, analyzing behavioral data of residents living in participatory neighborhood regeneration areas and matched neighborhoods. We analyzed survey data from 12 neighborhoods that implemented CPTED approaches and 12 matched neighborhoods in Seoul, Korea, using structural equation modeling, which could consistently estimate complex direct and indirect relationships between a latent variable (fear of crime) and observable variables (CPTED measures and walking frequency). We designed the survey instrument as a smartphone app. Participants were recruited from 102 locations within the 24 selected neighborhoods; in total, 623 individuals returned surveys. The results revealed that sufficient closed-circuit television, street lighting, and maintenance played a significant role in mitigating fear of crime. This study has implications for planning and policy issues related to CPTED, mental health, and active living.

Suggested Citation

  • Jae Seung Lee & Sungjin Park & Sanghoon Jung, 2016. "Effect of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Measures on Active Living and Fear of Crime," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:9:p:872-:d:77045
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/9/872/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/9/872/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Weden, Margaret M. & Carpiano, Richard M. & Robert, Stephanie A., 2008. "Subjective and objective neighborhood characteristics and adult health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(6), pages 1256-1270, March.
    2. Golob, Thomas F., 2003. "Structural equation modeling for travel behavior research," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 1-25, January.
    3. Austin, D. Mark & Furr, L. Allen & Spine, Michael, 2002. "The effects of neighborhood conditions on perceptions of safety," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 417-427.
    4. Richard Tay & Abul Azad & S. C. (Chan) Wirasinghe & Stephen Hansen, 2013. "Analysis of the influence of urban rail stations on neighbourhood crime," International Journal of Urban Sciences, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 281-289, July.
    5. Schafer, Joseph A. & Huebner, Beth M. & Bynum, Timothy S., 2006. "Fear of crime and criminal victimization: Gender-based contrasts," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 285-301.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mateja Mihinjac & Gregory Saville, 2019. "Third-Generation Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-20, June.
    2. Kinga Kimic & Paulina Polko, 2022. "The Use of Urban Parks by Older Adults in the Context of Perceived Security," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-20, March.
    3. Fengrui Jing & Lin Liu & Suhong Zhou & Guangwen Song, 2020. "Examining the Relationship between Hukou Status, Perceived Neighborhood Conditions, and Fear of Crime in Guangzhou, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Rawin Thinnakorn & Boontaree Chanklap & Iayang Tongseng, 2025. "Morphological Structural Factors Affecting Urban Physical Vulnerability: A Case Study of the Spatial Configuration of Commercial Buildings in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-22, May.
    5. Mary-an A. Agudong & Mona L. Laya, 2026. "Beyond the Gates: Voices of Residents on Public Safety and Security," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 10(3), pages 4236-4255, March.
    6. Su Jin Kang & Wonseok Seo, 2020. "The Effects of Multilayered Disorder Characteristics on Fear of Crime in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-22, December.
    7. Sam J. Cole, 2019. "Social and Physical Neighbourhood Effects and Crime: Bringing Domains Together Through Collective Efficacy Theory," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-18, May.
    8. Younjoo Cho & Hwajin Jeong & Anseop Choi & Minki Sung, 2019. "Design of a Connected Security Lighting System for Pedestrian Safety in Smart Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-11, March.
    9. Romina Fucà & Serena Cubico & Giuseppe Favretto & João Leitão, 2019. "The “Local Town Market Area” in Enna, Sicily: Using the Psychology of Sustainability to Propose Sustainable and Developmental Policies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, January.
    10. Paul Emile Tchinda & Seung-Nam Kim, 2020. "The Paradox of “Eyes on the Street”: Pedestrian Density and Fear of Crime in Yaoundé, Cameroon," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-16, June.
    11. Chong Peng & Weizeng Sun & Xi Zhang, 2022. "Crime under the Light? Examining the Effects of Nighttime Lighting on Crime in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, December.
    12. Aaron Chalfin & Jacob Kaplan & Michael LaForest, 2022. "Street Light Outages, Public Safety and Crime Attraction," Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Springer, vol. 38(4), pages 891-919, December.
    13. Dongpil Son & Boyeong Im & Jaeseok Her & Seung-Nam Kim, 2024. "Effects of CPTED Principles on Intention to Burgle in High-Density Low-Rise Residential Areas of South Korea: A Virtual Reality Experiment," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(4), pages 21582440241, November.
    14. Yuerong An & Xiangguo Peng & Yu Xia & Junming Zhao & Jiaxin Liu, 2025. "Q-methodological exploration of environmental characteristics affecting residential security in hybrid blocks: a focus on Beijing," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Vredin Johansson, Maria & Heldt, Tobias & Johansson, Per, 2006. "The effects of attitudes and personality traits on mode choice," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(6), pages 507-525, July.
    2. Najaf, Pooya & Thill, Jean-Claude & Zhang, Wenjia & Fields, Milton Greg, 2018. "City-level urban form and traffic safety: A structural equation modeling analysis of direct and indirect effects," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 257-270.
    3. Oshio, Takashi & Urakawa, Kunio, 2013. "The association between perceived income inequality and subjective well-being: Evidence from a social survey in Japan," CIS Discussion paper series 579, Center for Intergenerational Studies, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    4. Ding, Yu & Lu, Huapu, 2016. "Activity participation as a mediating variable to analyze the effect of land use on travel behavior: A structural equation modeling approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 23-28.
    5. Chen, Duan-Rung & Wen, Tzai-Hung, 2010. "Socio-spatial patterns of neighborhood effects on adult obesity in Taiwan: A multi-level model," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(6), pages 823-833, March.
    6. Scheiner, Joachim, 2010. "Social inequalities in travel behaviour: trip distances in the context of residential self-selection and lifestyles," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 18(6), pages 679-690.
    7. Masood Gheasi & Noriko Ishikawa & Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp, 2019. "A meta-analysis of human health differences in urban and rural environments," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 167-186, December.
    8. Jara-Díaz, Sergio & Rosales-Salas, Jorge, 2017. "Beyond transport time: A review of time use modeling," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 209-230.
    9. Kroesen, Maarten & van Wee, Bert, 2022. "Understanding how accessibility influences health via active travel: Results from a structural equation model," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    10. Weis, Claude & Axhausen, Kay W., 2009. "Induced travel demand: Evidence from a pseudo panel data based structural equations model," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 8-18.
    11. Razieh Zandieh & Javier Martinez & Johannes Flacke & Phil Jones & Martin Van Maarseveen, 2016. "Older Adults’ Outdoor Walking: Inequalities in Neighbourhood Safety, Pedestrian Infrastructure and Aesthetics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-24, November.
    12. Stafford, Mai & Cummins, Steven & Ellaway, Anne & Sacker, Amanda & Wiggins, Richard D. & Macintyre, Sally, 2007. "Pathways to obesity: Identifying local, modifiable determinants of physical activity and diet," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(9), pages 1882-1897, November.
    13. repec:plo:pone00:0224516 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Toktaş-Palut, Peral & Baylav, Ecem & Teoman, Seyhan & Altunbey, Mustafa, 2014. "The impact of barriers and benefits of e-procurement on its adoption decision: An empirical analysis," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 77-90.
    15. Kuen, Kiseong & Weisburd, David & White, Clair & Hinkle, Joshua C., 2022. "Examining impacts of street characteristics on residents' fear of crime: Evidence from a longitudinal study of crime hot spots," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    16. Machado-León, José Luis & de Oña, Rocío & de Oña, Juan, 2016. "The role of involvement in regards to public transit riders' perceptions of the service," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 34-44.
    17. Oshio, Takashi & 小塩, 隆士 & オシオ, タカシ & Urakawa, Kunio, 2011. "Neighborhood Perceptions, Self-rated Health, and Personality Traits: Evidence from Japan," CIS Discussion paper series 531, Center for Intergenerational Studies, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    18. Golob, Thomas F. & Recker, Wilfred W. & Alvarez, Veronica M., 2004. "Safety aspects of freeway weaving sections," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 35-51, January.
    19. Nik Aida Suria Nik Zulkifli Ami & Rosadah Abd Majid & Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin, 2016. "Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Self-efficacy Instrument among Special Education Teachers," Asian Social Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(2), pages 172-172, February.
    20. Silva, Mafalda C. & Horta, Isabel M. & Leal, Vítor & Oliveira, Vítor, 2017. "A spatially-explicit methodological framework based on neural networks to assess the effect of urban form on energy demand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 386-398.
    21. Jomnonkwao, Sajjakaj & Ratanavaraha, Vatanavongs, 2016. "Measurement modelling of the perceived service quality of a sightseeing bus service: An application of hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 240-252.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:9:p:872-:d:77045. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.