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A Review of Load Frequency Control Schemes Deployed for Wind-Integrated Power Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Rafiq Asghar

    (Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy)

  • Francesco Riganti Fulginei

    (Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy)

  • Hamid Wadood

    (Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA)

  • Sarmad Saeed

    (Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA)

Abstract

Load frequency control (LFC) has recently gained importance due to the increasing integration of wind energy in contemporary power systems. Hence, several power system models, control techniques, and controllers have been developed to improve the efficiency, resilience, flexibility, and economic feasibility of LFC. Critical factors, such as energy systems, resources, optimization approaches, resilience, and transient stability have been studied to demonstrate the uniqueness of the proposed design. This paper examines the most recent advances in LFC techniques for wind-based power systems. Moreover, the use of classical, artificial intelligence, model predictive control, sliding mode control, cascade controllers, and other newly designed and adopted controllers in the LFC area is thoroughly examined. Statistical analysis and a comparison table are used to evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various controllers. Finally, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of contemporary and other widely used soft computing tools for the LFC issue. This detailed literature review will assist researchers in overcoming the gap between current progress, application, limitations, and future developments of wind energy in LFC.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafiq Asghar & Francesco Riganti Fulginei & Hamid Wadood & Sarmad Saeed, 2023. "A Review of Load Frequency Control Schemes Deployed for Wind-Integrated Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-29, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:10:p:8380-:d:1152566
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    2. Matheus Sene Paulo & Andrei de Oliveira Almeida & Pedro Machado de Almeida & Pedro Gomes Barbosa, 2023. "Control of an Offshore Wind Farm Considering Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Operation of a High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission System Based on Multilevel Modular Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-27, August.

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