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Load Frequency Control (LFC) Strategies in Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid Power Systems: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Majid Gulzar

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 06375, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Iqbal

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 06375, Pakistan)

  • Sulman Shahzad

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan)

  • Hafiz Abdul Muqeet

    (Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, Punjab Tianjin University of Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Shahzad

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60650, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Majid Hussain

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK)

Abstract

The hybrid power system is a combination of renewable energy power plants and conventional energy power plants. This integration causes power quality issues including poor settling times and higher transient contents. The main issue of such interconnection is the frequency variations caused in the hybrid power system. Load Frequency Controller (LFC) design ensures the reliable and efficient operation of the power system. The main function of LFC is to maintain the system frequency within safe limits, hence keeping power at a specific range. An LFC should be supported with modern and intelligent control structures for providing the adequate power to the system. This paper presents a comprehensive review of several LFC structures in a diverse configuration of a power system. First of all, an overview of a renewable energy-based power system is provided with a need for the development of LFC. The basic operation was studied in single-area, multi-area and multi-stage power system configurations. Types of controllers developed on different techniques studied with an overview of different control techniques were utilized. The comparative analysis of various controllers and strategies was performed graphically. The future scope of work provided lists the potential areas for conducting further research. Finally, the paper concludes by emphasizing the need for better LFC design in complex power system environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Majid Gulzar & Muhammad Iqbal & Sulman Shahzad & Hafiz Abdul Muqeet & Muhammad Shahzad & Muhammad Majid Hussain, 2022. "Load Frequency Control (LFC) Strategies in Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid Power Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-23, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3488-:d:812337
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    3. Yicong Wang & Chang Liu & Ji Han & Haoyu Tan & Fangchao Ke & Dongyin Zhang & Cong Wei & Shihong Miao, 2022. "A Distributed Frequency Regulation Method for Multi-Area Power System Considering Optimization of Communication Structure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Md. Shafiul Alam & Abdullah A. Almehizia & Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Muhammad Azharul Islam & Md. Shafiullah & Aasim Ullah, 2022. "Frequency Stabilization of AC Microgrid Clusters: An Efficient Fractional Order Supercapacitor Controller Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-22, July.
    5. Weichao He & Yuemin Zheng & Jin Tao & Yujuan Zhou & Jiayan Wen & Qinglin Sun, 2023. "A Novel Fractional-Order Active Disturbance Rejection Load Frequency Control Based on An Improved Marine Predator Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-23, June.
    6. Sulman Shahzad & Muhammad Abbas Abbasi & Hassan Ali & Muhammad Iqbal & Rania Munir & Heybet Kilic, 2023. "Possibilities, Challenges, and Future Opportunities of Microgrids: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-28, April.
    7. Muhammad Majid Gulzar, 2023. "Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Grid Connected PV Based Fuel Cell System Using Optimal Control Technique," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, February.
    8. Rafiq Asghar & Francesco Riganti Fulginei & Hamid Wadood & Sarmad Saeed, 2023. "A Review of Load Frequency Control Schemes Deployed for Wind-Integrated Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-29, May.
    9. Changhao Lv & Qingquan Jia & Lijuan Lin & Jinwei Cui, 2023. "Local Frequency Modulation Strategy Based on Controllable Load Characteristic Identification of Multi-Port Power Router," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-22, April.
    10. Saima Akhtar & Sulman Shahzad & Asad Zaheer & Hafiz Sami Ullah & Heybet Kilic & Radomir Gono & Michał Jasiński & Zbigniew Leonowicz, 2023. "Short-Term Load Forecasting Models: A Review of Challenges, Progress, and the Road Ahead," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-29, May.
    11. Hafiz Abdul Muqeet & Rehan Liaqat & Mohsin Jamil & Asharf Ali Khan, 2023. "A State-of-the-Art Review of Smart Energy Systems and Their Management in a Smart Grid Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-23, January.
    12. Muhammad Anique Aslam & Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif & Muhammad Majid Gulzar & Mohammed Alqahtani & Muhammad Khalid, 2023. "A Novel Multi Level Dynamic Decomposition Based Coordinated Control of Electric Vehicles in Multimicrogrids," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-29, August.
    13. Ahmed Fathy & Hegazy Rezk & Seydali Ferahtia & Rania M. Ghoniem & Reem Alkanhel & Mohamed M. Ghoniem, 2022. "A New Fractional-Order Load Frequency Control for Multi-Renewable Energy Interconnected Plants Using Skill Optimization Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-25, November.

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