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Spatial–Temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Vegetation Phenology and Net Primary Productivity in the Qilian Mountains of Northwest China

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  • Xuan Wu

    (College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No.967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
    Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Liang Jiao

    (College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No.967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
    Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Dashi Du

    (College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No.967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
    Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Ruhong Xue

    (College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No.967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
    Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Xingyu Ding

    (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Mengyuan Wei

    (College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No.967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
    Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Peng Zhang

    (College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No.967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
    Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

Abstract

Understanding how vegetation growth responds to climate change is a critical requirement for predicting future ecosystem dynamics. Global warming causes significant changes in the vegetation characteristics of mountain ecosystems, particularly affecting vegetation phenology and net primary productivity (NPP). The Qilian Mountains are located in an arid and semiarid region, and the mechanisms of vegetation phenology in response to climate change still need to be further explored. We used MODIS data (2001–2020) to extract vegetation phenology and NPP, quantitatively evaluated their spatial–temporal dynamics, and analyzed the response mechanism of vegetation phenology–climate and vegetation phenology–NPP combined with meteorological data. The results showed that from southeast to northwest, the vegetation phenology changes significantly with the change in vegetation type, with SOS (start of the growing season) advancing at a rate of −0.415 d/year, EOS (end of the growing season) and LOS (length of the growing season) delaying at a rate of 0.20 d/year and 0.374 d/year, respectively, and NPP continues to increase. There was also an elevation gradient effect, with SOS delayed by 15.6 d/km, EOS advanced by 12.02 d/km and LOS shortened by 19.24 d/km. We found that the preseason temperature and SPEI (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) have a strong influence on the SOS and EOS, with the mean minimum temperature being the most significant and requiring attention, while the influence of precipitation cannot be ignored. We also found that the vegetation phenology is closely related to NPP, and SOS has the most significant effect. This study will provide a scientific basis for the response mechanisms of vegetation phenology in arid and semiarid regions under climate change. It will provide a reference for the implementation of effective ecosystem management.

Suggested Citation

  • Xuan Wu & Liang Jiao & Dashi Du & Ruhong Xue & Xingyu Ding & Mengyuan Wei & Peng Zhang, 2022. "Spatial–Temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Vegetation Phenology and Net Primary Productivity in the Qilian Mountains of Northwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:21:p:14337-:d:961306
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhaozhe Li & Ranghui Wang & Bo Liu & Zhonghua Qian & Yongping Wu & Cheng Li, 2022. "Responses of Vegetation Autumn Phenology to Climatic Factors in Northern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Shilong Piao & Philippe Ciais & Pierre Friedlingstein & Philippe Peylin & Markus Reichstein & Sebastiaan Luyssaert & Hank Margolis & Jingyun Fang & Alan Barr & Anping Chen & Achim Grelle & David Y. Ho, 2008. "Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming," Nature, Nature, vol. 451(7174), pages 49-52, January.
    3. W. Tezara & V. J. Mitchell & S. D. Driscoll & D. W. Lawlor, 1999. "Water stress inhibits plant photosynthesis by decreasing coupling factor and ATP," Nature, Nature, vol. 401(6756), pages 914-917, October.
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