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Drought response and yield formation of spring safflower under different water regimes in the semiarid Southern High Plains

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  • Singh, Sukhbir
  • Angadi, Sangamesh V.
  • Grover, Kulbhushan
  • Begna, Sultan
  • Auld, Dick

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a deep rooted drought tolerant crop that originated in desert environments of the Middle East, and could be very well adapted to the semi-arid Southern High Plains. A field experiment was conducted at Clovis, New Mexico during 2012 and 2013 seasons to assess drought physiology and yield formation of two diverse spring safflower cultivars under different irrigation levels with or without preseason irrigation. One half of the experimental blocks received preseason irrigation of 164mm in 2012 and 153mm in 2013 to refill the soil profile utilized by the previous crops, while the other half remained depleted. Five in-season irrigation levels (I1–I5) ranging from 88 to 392mm in 2012 and from 83 to 373mm in 2013 were imposed on both preseason irrigation and no-preseason irrigation blocks. Higher leaf water potential (Ψl) was observed under increased water availability either by preseason irrigation or by higher in-season irrigation level in safflower during two observation dates in both years. Osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100), photosynthesis rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased with a reduction in Ψl under water stress conditions. The relative water content (RWC) was affected only by the in-season irrigation levels in both years. The preseason irrigation increased seed yield of safflower by 39 and 118% over no-preseason irrigation in 2012 and 2013, respectively. A gradual increase in seed yield was observed with an increase in irrigation levels; and the highest irrigation level, I5 increased seed yield by 85 and 171% over the lowest irrigation level, I1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Seed yield increased with increase in Pn, plant biomass, number of heads per plant, and number of seeds per head but not with 1000-seed weight under increased water availability. Overall, increased availability of water through preseason irrigation or through in-season irrigation levels improved safflower physiology and yield formation.

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  • Singh, Sukhbir & Angadi, Sangamesh V. & Grover, Kulbhushan & Begna, Sultan & Auld, Dick, 2016. "Drought response and yield formation of spring safflower under different water regimes in the semiarid Southern High Plains," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 354-362.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:163:y:2016:i:c:p:354-362
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.10.010
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. W. Tezara & V. J. Mitchell & S. D. Driscoll & D. W. Lawlor, 1999. "Water stress inhibits plant photosynthesis by decreasing coupling factor and ATP," Nature, Nature, vol. 401(6756), pages 914-917, October.
    2. Istanbulluoglu, A. & Gocmen, E. & Gezer, E. & Pasa, C. & Konukcu, F., 2009. "Effects of water stress at different development stages on yield and water productivity of winter and summer safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(10), pages 1429-1434, October.
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    1. Singh, Sukhbir & Angadi, Sangamesh V. & Grover, Kulbhushan K. & Hilaire, Rolston St. & Begna, Sultan, 2016. "Effect of growth stage based irrigation on soil water extraction and water use efficiency of spring safflower cultivars," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 432-439.
    2. Katuwal, Krishna B. & Cho, Youngkoo & Singh, Sukhbir & Angadi, Sangamesh V. & Begna, Sultan & Stamm, Michael, 2020. "Soil water extraction pattern and water use efficiency of spring canola under growth-stage-based irrigation management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    3. Ebrahimian, Elnaz & Seyyedi, Seyyed Mohammad & Bybordi, Ahmad & Damalas, Christos A., 2019. "Seed yield and oil quality of sunflower, safflower, and sesame under different levels of irrigation water availability," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 149-157.
    4. Bhattarai, Bishwoyog & Singh, Sukhbir & West, Charles P. & Ritchie, Glen L. & Trostle, Calvin L., 2020. "Water Depletion Pattern and Water Use Efficiency of Forage Sorghum, Pearl millet, and Corn Under Water Limiting Condition," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    5. Santos, Reginaldo Ferreira & Bassegio, Doglas & de Almeida Silva, Marcelo, 2017. "Productivity and production components of safflower genotypes affected by irrigation at phenological stages," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 66-74.
    6. Bhattarai, Bishwoyog & Singh, Sukhbir & Angadi, Sangamesh V. & Begna, Sultan & Saini, Rupinder & Auld, Dick, 2020. "Spring safflower water use patterns in response to preseason and in-season irrigation applications," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    7. Marcelo de Almeida Silva & Hariane Luiz Santos & Lusiane de Sousa Ferreira & Dayane Mércia Ribeiro Silva & Jania Claudia Camilo dos Santos & Fernanda Pacheco de Almeida Prado Bortolheiro, 2023. "Physiological Changes and Yield Components of Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) Lines as a Function of Water Deficit and Recovery in the Flowering Phase," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-21, February.
    8. Singh, Sukhbir & Boote, Kenneth J. & Angadi, Sangamesh V. & Grover, Kulbhushan K., 2017. "Estimating water balance, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of spring safflower using the CROPGRO model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 137-144.
    9. Du, Shaoqing & Tong, Ling & Zhang, Xiaotao & Kang, Shaozhong & Du, Taisheng & Li, Sien & Ding, Risheng, 2017. "Signal intensity based on maximum daily stem shrinkage can reflect the water status of apple trees under alternate partial root-zone irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 21-30.

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