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Water Depletion Pattern and Water Use Efficiency of Forage Sorghum, Pearl millet, and Corn Under Water Limiting Condition

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  • Bhattarai, Bishwoyog
  • Singh, Sukhbir
  • West, Charles P.
  • Ritchie, Glen L.
  • Trostle, Calvin L.

Abstract

In the semi-arid Texas High Plains, declining irrigation water supply hinders the profitable corn (Zea mays L.) silage production, the principle feed ingredient of the beef and dairy industries. Drought-tolerant and deep-rooting crops like forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) could be an alternative to corn silage under limiting irrigation. A field study was conducted during 2018 and 2019 at New Deal, TX to assess soil water depletion patterns, water use efficiency (WUE), and silage yield of forage sorghum, pearl millet, and corn under limited irrigation. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three irrigation levels [I0 (55 and 29 mm), I1 (172 and 147 mm), and I2 (323 and 260 mm) in 2018 and 2019, respectively] as main-plots and five cultivars [P1498AM (corn), AF7401 and Silo700D (BMR sorghum), and Epic and Exceed (BMR pearl millet)] as sub-plots with three replications. The soil water depletion amount was greater in I0 (105 and 57 mm) followed by I1 (60 and 37 mm) and I2 (44 and 13 mm) in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Fresh biomass yield was the greatest in I2 followed by I1 and I0; however, the highest WUE was achieved in I0 and I2 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Water depletion depth was greater for sorghum and pearl millet plots (0–1 m) than corn plots (0–0.6 m) which resulted in greater water depletion amount in sorghum (75 and 31 mm) and pearl millet (68 and 48 mm) plots than corn (67 and 28 mm) during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Average yield and WUE were the highest in sorghum cultivars, followed by pearl millet and corn. Results confirmed that the higher silage yield and WUE can be achieved by sorghum compared to pearl millet and corn under limited irrigation conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Bhattarai, Bishwoyog & Singh, Sukhbir & West, Charles P. & Ritchie, Glen L. & Trostle, Calvin L., 2020. "Water Depletion Pattern and Water Use Efficiency of Forage Sorghum, Pearl millet, and Corn Under Water Limiting Condition," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:238:y:2020:i:c:s0378377419320335
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106206
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hao, Baozhen & Xue, Qingwu & Marek, Thomas H. & Jessup, Kirk E. & Hou, Xiaobo & Xu, Wenwei & Bynum, Edsel D. & Bean, Brent W., 2015. "Soil water extraction, water use, and grain yield by drought-tolerant maize on the Texas High Plains," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 11-21.
    2. Bhattarai, Bishwoyog & Singh, Sukhbir & Angadi, Sangamesh V. & Begna, Sultan & Saini, Rupinder & Auld, Dick, 2020. "Spring safflower water use patterns in response to preseason and in-season irrigation applications," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    3. Singh, Sukhbir & Angadi, Sangamesh V. & Grover, Kulbhushan & Begna, Sultan & Auld, Dick, 2016. "Drought response and yield formation of spring safflower under different water regimes in the semiarid Southern High Plains," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 354-362.
    4. Singh, Sukhbir & Angadi, Sangamesh V. & Grover, Kulbhushan K. & Hilaire, Rolston St. & Begna, Sultan, 2016. "Effect of growth stage based irrigation on soil water extraction and water use efficiency of spring safflower cultivars," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 432-439.
    5. Ali, Shahzad & Xu, Yueyue & Ma, Xiangcheng & Ahmad, Irshad & Manzoor, & Jia, Qianmin & Akmal, Muhammad & Hussain, Zahid & Arif, Muhammad & Cai, Tie & Zhang, Jiahua & Jia, Zhikuan, 2019. "Deficit irrigation strategies to improve winter wheat productivity and regulating root growth under different planting patterns," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 1-11.
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    1. Nabeel Bani Hani & Fakher J. Aukour & Mohammed I. Al-Qinna, 2022. "Investigating the Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) as a Climate-Smart Drought-Tolerant Crop under Jordanian Arid Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-21, September.
    2. María del Pino Palacios-Diaz & Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera & Jose Manuel Hernández-Moreno & Regla Amorós & Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón, 2023. "Effect of Irrigation Management and Water Quality on Soil and Sorghum bicolor Payenne Yield in Cape Verde," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Singh, Manpreet & Singh, Sukhbir & Deb, Sanjit & Ritchie, Glen, 2023. "Root distribution, soil water depletion, and water productivity of sweet corn under deficit irrigation and biochar application," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    4. Yang, Yueting & Li, Kaiwei & Wei, Sicheng & Guga, Suri & Zhang, Jiquan & Wang, Chunyi, 2022. "Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and hazard assessment of millet drought disaster in Northern China under climate change," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    5. de Almeida, Ailson Maciel & Coelho, Rubens Duarte & da Silva Barros, Timóteo Herculino & de Oliveira Costa, Jéfferson & Quiloango-Chimarro, Carlos Alberto & Moreno-Pizani, Maria Alejandra & Farias-Ram, 2022. "Water productivity and canopy thermal response of pearl millet subjected to different irrigation levels," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).

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