IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i20p13158-d941535.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Tourism Eco-Efficiency in Major Tourist Cities in China

Author

Listed:
  • Chaogao An

    (Key Laboratory of the Sustainable Development of Xinjiang’s Historical and Cultural Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    School of Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

  • Polat Muhtar

    (Key Laboratory of the Sustainable Development of Xinjiang’s Historical and Cultural Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    School of Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

  • Zhenquan Xiao

    (Key Laboratory of the Sustainable Development of Xinjiang’s Historical and Cultural Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    School of Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

Abstract

Tourism development consumes ecological resources to varying extents while bringing economic benefits; tourism eco-efficiency (TEE) assessment has thus become an area of major focus in destination sustainability research. This paper intends to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of eco-efficiency changes in 36 tourist cities on the Chinese mainland from 2010 to 2019, using a super-slacks-based measure (SBM) model, the data envelopment analysis (DEA)–Malmquist index, spatial correlation, and regression analysis. In contrast to the previous work, this work explores TEE among major tourist cities in China by considering the undesirable outputs of carbon emissions and sewage. The results show that (1) the TEE of most cities during the study period was low but increasing; there were significant spatial differences among different cities, and the eco-efficiency of the same city fluctuated over time. (2) The TEE was globally uncorrelated, but low-eco-efficiency areas were adjacent to each other and formed agglomerates, enhancing the negative spillover effect. (3) Despite fluctuations, the Malmquist indices exhibited positive trends, which resulted from the technical progress index rather than the technical efficiency index. (4) Socioeconomic development significantly promoted TEE. This research reveals the evolutionary law of TEE on the urban scale and explores the impact of social and economic development on TEE, which can provide a reference for policymaking and enrich research on destination sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaogao An & Polat Muhtar & Zhenquan Xiao, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Evolution of Tourism Eco-Efficiency in Major Tourist Cities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:20:p:13158-:d:941535
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13158/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13158/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qiao Chen & Yan Mao & Alastair M. Morrison, 2021. "Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Tourism Carbon Emissions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Walz, A. & Calonder, G.-P. & Hagedorn, F. & Lardelli, C. & Lundstrom, C. & Stockli, V., 2008. "Regional CO2 budget, countermeasures and reduction aims for the Alpine tourist region of Davos, Switzerland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 811-820, February.
    3. Per Andersen & Niels Christian Petersen, 1993. "A Procedure for Ranking Efficient Units in Data Envelopment Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(10), pages 1261-1264, October.
    4. Zaman, Khalid & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Loganathan, Nanthakumar & Raza, Syed Ali, 2016. "Tourism development, energy consumption and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Trivariate analysis in the panel of developed and developing countries," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 275-283.
    5. Zhang, Jiekuan & Zhang, Yan, 2018. "Carbon tax, tourism CO2 emissions and economic welfare," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 18-30.
    6. Yiyang Sun & Guolin Hou & Zhenfang Huang & Yi Zhong, 2020. "Spatial-Temporal Differences and Influencing Factors of Tourism Eco-Efficiency in China’s Three Major Urban Agglomerations Based on the Super-EBM Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, May.
    7. Dickinson, Janet E. & Robbins, Derek & Lumsdon, Les, 2010. "Holiday travel discourses and climate change," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 482-489.
    8. Bing Xia & Suocheng Dong & Zehong Li & Minyan Zhao & Dongqi Sun & Wenbiao Zhang & Yu Li, 2022. "Eco-Efficiency and Its Drivers in Tourism Sectors with Respect to Carbon Emissions from the Supply Chain: An Integrated EEIO and DEA Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-26, June.
    9. Capacci, Sara & Scorcu, Antonello E. & Vici, Laura, 2015. "Seaside tourism and eco-labels: The economic impact of Blue Flags," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 88-96.
    10. Gössling, Stefan & Peeters, Paul & Ceron, Jean-Paul & Dubois, Ghislain & Patterson, Trista & Richardson, Robert B., 2005. "The eco-efficiency of tourism," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(4), pages 417-434, September.
    11. Manfred Lenzen & Ya-Yen Sun & Futu Faturay & Yuan-Peng Ting & Arne Geschke & Arunima Malik, 2018. "The carbon footprint of global tourism," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 8(6), pages 522-528, June.
    12. Reifschneider, David & Stevenson, Rodney, 1991. "Systematic Departures from the Frontier: A Framework for the Analysis of Firm Inefficiency," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 32(3), pages 715-723, August.
    13. Kumbhakar, Subal C & Ghosh, Soumendra & McGuckin, J Thomas, 1991. "A Generalized Production Frontier Approach for Estimating Determinants of Inefficiency in U.S. Dairy Farms," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 9(3), pages 279-286, July.
    14. Yue Pan & Gangmin Weng & Conghui Li & Jianpu Li, 2021. "Coupling Coordination and Influencing Factors among Tourism Carbon Emission, Tourism Economic and Tourism Innovation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.
    15. Zhao, Pengjun & Zeng, Liangen & Li, Peilin & Lu, Haiyan & Hu, Haoyu & Li, Chengming & Zheng, Mengyuan & Li, Haitao & Yu, Zhao & Yuan, Dandan & Xie, Jinxin & Huang, Qi & Qi, Yuting, 2022. "China's transportation sector carbon dioxide emissions efficiency and its influencing factors based on the EBM DEA model with undesirable outputs and spatial Durbin model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    16. Song, Malin & Li, Hui, 2019. "Estimating the efficiency of a sustainable Chinese tourism industry using bootstrap technology rectification," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 45-54.
    17. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E., 1978. "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 2(6), pages 429-444, November.
    18. Rui Wang & Bing Xia & Suocheng Dong & Yu Li & Zehong Li & Duoxun Ba & Wenbiao Zhang, 2020. "Research on the Spatial Differentiation and Driving Forces of Eco-Efficiency of Regional Tourism in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, December.
    19. Weizhong Zhou & Wenhua Yu & Ahmed Farouk, 2021. "Regional Variation in the Carbon Dioxide Emission Efficiency of Construction Industry in China: Based on the Three-Stage DEA Model," Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Hindawi, vol. 2021, pages 1-13, August.
    20. Yiyang Sun & Guolin Hou, 2021. "Analysis on the Spatial-Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Spatial Network Structure of Tourism Eco-Efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-29, March.
    21. Tone, Kaoru, 2001. "A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 130(3), pages 498-509, May.
    22. Battese, G E & Coelli, T J, 1995. "A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 325-332.
    23. Becken, Susanne & Frampton, Chris & Simmons, David, 2001. "Energy consumption patterns in the accommodation sector--the New Zealand case," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 371-386, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bing Xia & Suocheng Dong & Zehong Li & Minyan Zhao & Dongqi Sun & Wenbiao Zhang & Yu Li, 2022. "Eco-Efficiency and Its Drivers in Tourism Sectors with Respect to Carbon Emissions from the Supply Chain: An Integrated EEIO and DEA Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-26, June.
    2. Yiyang Sun & Guolin Hou, 2021. "Analysis on the Spatial-Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Spatial Network Structure of Tourism Eco-Efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-29, March.
    3. Dan Xue & Xianzong Li & Fayyaz Ahmad & Nabila Abid & Zulqarnain Mushtaq, 2022. "Exploring Tourism Efficiency and Its Drivers to Understand the Backwardness of the Tourism Industry in Gansu, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Qingfang Liu & Jinping Song & Teqi Dai & Jianhui Xu & Jianmei Li & Enru Wang, 2022. "Spatial Network Structure of China’s Provincial-Scale Tourism Eco-Efficiency: A Social Network Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Noel Uri, 2003. "The Effect of Incentive Regulation in Telecommunications in the United States," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 37(2), pages 169-191, May.
    6. Simar, Leopold & Wilson, Paul W., 2007. "Estimation and inference in two-stage, semi-parametric models of production processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 136(1), pages 31-64, January.
    7. Ruijing Zheng & Yu Cheng & Haimeng Liu & Wei Chen & Xiaodong Chen & Yaping Wang, 2022. "The Spatiotemporal Distribution and Drivers of Urban Carbon Emission Efficiency: The Role of Technological Innovation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-22, July.
    8. Deng, Yaguo, 2024. "A Bayesian semi-parametric approach to stochastic frontier models with inefficiency heterogeneity," DES - Working Papers. Statistics and Econometrics. WS 43837, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Estadística.
    9. Witte, Kristof De & Geys, Benny, 2011. "Evaluating efficient public good provision: Theory and evidence from a generalised conditional efficiency model for public libraries," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 319-327, May.
    10. Duoxun Ba & Jing Zhang & Suocheng Dong & Bing Xia & Lin Mu, 2022. "Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of the Eco-Efficiency of Tourist Hotels in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-24, September.
    11. Uri, Noel D., 2001. "The effect of incentive regulation on productive efficiency in telecommunications," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 23(8), pages 825-846, November.
    12. Gian Carlo Scarsi, 1999. "Local Electricity Distribution in Italy: Comparative Efficiency Analysis and Methodological Cross-Checking," Working Papers 1999.16, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    13. Tim J. Coelli, 1995. "Recent Developments In Frontier Modelling And Efficiency Measurement," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 39(3), pages 219-245, December.
    14. Antti Saastamoinen, 2015. "Heteroscedasticity Or Production Risk? A Synthetic View," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 459-478, July.
    15. Gonzalez, M. & Trujillo, L., 2007. "Efficiency measurement in the port industry: a survey of the empirical evidence," Working Papers 07/08, Department of Economics, City University London.
    16. Mai, Nhat Chi, 2015. "Efficiency of the banking system in Vietnam under financial liberalization," OSF Preprints qsf6d, Center for Open Science.
    17. Francesco Aiello & Camilla Mastromarco & Angelo Zago, 2011. "Be productive or face decline. On the sources and determinants of output growth in Italian manufacturing firms," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 787-815, December.
    18. Martín Rossi, 2015. "The Econometrics Approach to the Measurement of Efficiency: A Survey," Working Papers 117, Universidad de San Andres, Departamento de Economia, revised Feb 2015.
    19. Hongwei Liu & Chenchen Gao & Henry Tsai, 2024. "Spatial spillover and determinants of tourism efficiency: A low carbon emission perspective," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(3), pages 543-566, May.
    20. Kalb, Alexander, 2008. "The Impact of Intergovernmental Grants on Cost Efficiency: Theory and Evidence from German Municipalities," ZEW Discussion Papers 08-051, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:20:p:13158-:d:941535. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.