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Investigating the Strategic Role of Digital Transformation Path of SMEs in the Era of COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis Using R

Author

Listed:
  • Konstantina Ragazou

    (Department of Business Administration and Tourism, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR71410 Heraklion, Greece)

  • Ioannis Passas

    (Department of Business Administration and Tourism, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR71410 Heraklion, Greece)

  • Georgios Sklavos

    (Department of Business Administration, University of Thessaly, GR741500 Larissa, Greece)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent increased use of digital tools can be seen as an incentive for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to adapt to the digital age. SMEs, whose resilience and adaptability had already been tested during the previous period of the global financial crisis, were called upon to face a new emergency. The aim of this paper is twofold: (i) to investigate the evolution of digital transformation in small and medium enterprises during the pandemic of COVID-19 and (ii) to highlight the main research trends of digital transformation in the post-pandemic era. To approach these issues, a bibliometric analysis based on R package was conducted and examined 765 articles that were published in the timespan of 2014–2022. In the current bibliometric analysis, a range of indicators were applied, such as co-citation analysis of both sources and institutions, the annual scientific production, country collaboration map, world tree map and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The bibliometric software of Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were used as the main tools to process the data and contributed to the visualization of the results. Findings of the research show that emerging technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, machine learning and 3D printing have started integrating SMEs in their business models. In addition, the technology–organization–environment framework (TOE) has emerged as a niche theme in the research field of digital transformation of SMEs. The above reveals the willingness and the effort of SMEs to adapt to the new circumstances created by the pandemic of COVID-19, by transforming their business models from conventional to digital one. The social media model is also highlighted, as a new product development of SMEs during the crisis of pandemic of COVID-19. The intention to adopt both TOE business model and social media are significantly influenced by emerging technologies and can raise the awareness of government to support SMEs in this effort.

Suggested Citation

  • Konstantina Ragazou & Ioannis Passas & Georgios Sklavos, 2022. "Investigating the Strategic Role of Digital Transformation Path of SMEs in the Era of COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis Using R," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:18:p:11295-:d:910431
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. George Sklavos & George Theodossiou & Zacharias Papanikolaou & Christos Karelakis & Konstantina Ragazou, 2024. "Environmental, Social, and Governance-Based Artificial Intelligence Governance: Digitalizing Firms’ Leadership and Human Resources Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Muhammad Anwar & Shaungjie Li & Ahmed Al-Omush & Munther Al-Nimer, 2023. "SMEs’ Internationalization: Mapping the Field through Finance, ITC, and Social Ties," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    3. Jaime Díaz-Arancibia & Jorge Hochstetter-Diez & Ana Bustamante-Mora & Samuel Sepúlveda-Cuevas & Isidora Albayay & Jeferson Arango-López, 2024. "Navigating Digital Transformation and Technology Adoption: A Literature Review from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-31, July.
    4. Erasmia Angelaki & Alexandros Garefalakis & Markos Kourgiantakis & Ioannis Sitzimis & Ioannis Passas, 2025. "ESG Integration and Green Computing: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-16, April.
    5. Aikaterini Petropoulou & Erasmia Angelaki & Ioannis Rompogiannakis & Ioannis Passas & Alexandros Garefalakis & Georgios Thanasas, 2024. "Digital Transformation in SMEs: Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Era: A Comparative Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-17, November.
    6. Issam A. R. Moghrabi & Sameer Ahmad Bhat & Piotr Szczuko & Rawan A. AlKhaled & Muneer Ahmad Dar, 2023. "Digital Transformation and Its Influence on Sustainable Manufacturing and Business Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-35, February.
    7. Eyup Kahveci, 2025. "Digital Transformation in SMEs: Enablers, Interconnections, and a Framework for Sustainable Competitive Advantage," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, March.
    8. Gaffar Hafiz Sagala & Dóra Őri, 2024. "Toward SMEs digital transformation success: a systematic literature review," Information Systems and e-Business Management, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 667-719, December.
    9. Mei Kay Loo & Sridar Ramachandran & Raja Nerina Raja Yusof, 2025. "Systematic Review of Factors and Barriers Influencing E-Commerce Adoption among SMEs over the Last Decade: A TOE Framework Perspective," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(2), pages 9624-9648, June.

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