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Drinking Water Supply in Rural Africa Based on a Mini-Grid Energy System—A Socio-Economic Case Study for Rural Development

Author

Listed:
  • Joern Falk

    (Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany)

  • Björn Globisch

    (Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany
    Faculty II-Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany)

  • Martin Angelmahr

    (Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany)

  • Wolfgang Schade

    (Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany
    IEPT, Clausthal University of Technology, Am Stollen 19A, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany)

  • Heike Schenk-Mathes

    (Management and Environmental Economics, Clausthal University of Technology, Julius-Albert-Straße 2, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany)

Abstract

Water is an essential resource required for various human activities such as drinking, cooking, growing food, and personal hygiene. As a key infrastructure of public services, access to clean and safe drinking water is an essential factor for local socio-economic development. Despite various national and international efforts, water supply is often not guaranteed, especially in rural areas of Africa. Although many water resources are theoretically available in these areas, bodies of water are often contaminated with dangerous pathogens and pollutants. As a result, people, often women and children, have to travel long distances to collect water from taps and are exposed to dangers such as physical violence and accidents on their way. In this article, we present a socio-economic case study for rural development. We describe a drinking water treatment plant with an annual capacity of 10,950 m 3 on Kibumba Island in Lake Victoria (Tanzania). The plant is operated by a photovoltaic mini-grid system with second-life lithium-ion battery storage. We describe the planning, the installation, and the start of operation of the water treatment system. In addition, we estimate the water prices achievable with the proposed system and compare it to existing sources of drinking water on Kibumba Island. Assuming a useful life of 15 years, the installed drinking water system is cost-neutral for the community at a cost price of 0.70 EUR/m 3 , 22% less than any other source of clean water on Kibumba Island. Access to safe and clean drinking water is a major step forward for the local population. We investigate the socio-economic added value using social and economic key indicators like health, education, and income. Hence, this approach may serve as a role model for community-owned drinking water systems in sub-Saharan Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • Joern Falk & Björn Globisch & Martin Angelmahr & Wolfgang Schade & Heike Schenk-Mathes, 2022. "Drinking Water Supply in Rural Africa Based on a Mini-Grid Energy System—A Socio-Economic Case Study for Rural Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:15:p:9458-:d:878218
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kalemis, Marios Angelos & Upham, Paul, 2026. "How do microgrid PV systems help communities respond to energy supply disruption? A review of the socio-economic interrelationships in West Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    2. Mingting Shi & Shenao Ma & Sheng Zhong, 2025. "Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Obstacle Factor Analysis of Rural Modernization Development Level in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-23, March.

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