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Benefits or Risks: What Influences Novice Drivers Regarding Adopting Smart Cars?

Author

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  • Areej Ahmad Alshaafee

    (School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
    Information Systems, Faculty of Computing, King Khalid University, Abha 61114, Saudi Arabia)

  • Noorminshah A. Iahad

    (Department of Information Systems, Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
    Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia)

  • Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi

    (Department of Information Systems, Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia)

Abstract

Level 4 autonomous vehicles (AVs) are smart vehicles that can move between two different points without any human interference. In 2018, the Saudi Arabian ban on female drivers was finally lifted, resulting in a large number of novice women drivers of different ages. The Kingdom might therefore be considered a risky place to drive, but AVs would help novices to reduce their fear of driving and reduce accidents. Previous studies focused narrowly on those who already had sufficient driving experience and held a valid driving license, but there were no studies on the adoption of smart cars by novice drivers. Based on a literature search, no studies had used a net valence model (NVM) for the adoption of AVs to understand their benefits/risks. Therefore, this study proposed an adoption model for AVs using an NVM to identify the benefit and risk factors that have an impact on beginner drivers’ adoption of autonomous vehicles. A survey method was applied using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from 1400 female Saudi novice drivers who had experience with driving AVs. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS Version 3. The results showed that individuals tended to ignore potential risks and focus instead on the potential benefits of using AVs. Performance expectancy, enjoyment, and effort expectancy were found to be positively related to the perceived advantages. On the other hand, the perceived risk as a construct did not have an impact on beginner drivers’ adoption of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, the major theoretical contribution of this study was the formation of a new NVM model by incorporating three more constructs, which were social influence, personal innovativeness, and alternatives. Finally, the enhanced NVM model could assist AV developers in identifying the expected benefits and drawbacks of AV adoption.

Suggested Citation

  • Areej Ahmad Alshaafee & Noorminshah A. Iahad & Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi, 2021. "Benefits or Risks: What Influences Novice Drivers Regarding Adopting Smart Cars?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11916-:d:666732
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmed Saleh Al-Matari & Rozita Amiruddin & Khairul Azman Aziz & Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi, 2022. "The Impact of Dynamic Accounting Information System on Organizational Resilience: The Mediating Role of Business Processes Capabilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Mohammed A. Hajar & Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani & Daing Nasir Ibrahim & Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi & Gamal Alkawsi & Noorminshah A. Iahad & Mohd Ridzuan Darun & Sieh Kiong Tiong, 2022. "The Effect of Value Innovation in the Superior Performance and Sustainable Growth of Telecommunications Sector: Mediation Effect of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Md Altab Hossin & Songtao Yin & Ruibo Dan & Lie Chen, 2025. "Integrating artificial intelligence in unmanned vehicles: navigating uncertainties, risks, and the path forward for the fourth industrial revolution," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Dai, Jingchen & Wang, Xiaokun Cara & Ma, Wenxin & Li, Ruimin, 2023. "Future transport vision propensity segments: A latent class analysis of autonomous taxi market," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

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