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Impact on City Bus Transit Services of the COVID–19 Lockdown and Return to the New Normal: The Case of A Coruña (Spain)

Author

Listed:
  • Alfonso Orro

    (Group of Railways and Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, ETS Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain)

  • Margarita Novales

    (Group of Railways and Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, ETS Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain)

  • Ángel Monteagudo

    (Group of Railways and Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, ETS Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain)

  • José-Benito Pérez-López

    (Group of Railways and Transportation Engineering, Department of Economics, Facultad de Economía y Empresa, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain)

  • Miguel R. Bugarín

    (Group of Railways and Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, ETS Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain)

Abstract

The COVID–19 pandemic led to restrictions on activities and mobility in many parts of the world. After the main peak of the crisis, restrictions were gradually removed, returning to a new normal situation. This process has impacted urban mobility. The limited information on the new normal situation shows changes that can be permanent or reversible. The impact on the diverse urban transport modes varies. This study analyzes the changes in transit ridership by line, the use of stops, the main origin–destination flows, changes in transit supply, operation time, and reliability of the city bus network of A Coruña. It is based on data from automatic vehicle location, bus stop boarding, and smart card use. Data from the first half of 2020 were compared to similar data in 2017–2019, defining suitable baselines for each analysis to avoid seasonal and day of week effects. The impact on transit ridership during the lockdown process was more significant than that on general traffic. In the new normal situation, the general traffic and the shared bike system recovered a higher percentage of their previous use than the bus system. These impacts are not uniform across the bus network.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfonso Orro & Margarita Novales & Ángel Monteagudo & José-Benito Pérez-López & Miguel R. Bugarín, 2020. "Impact on City Bus Transit Services of the COVID–19 Lockdown and Return to the New Normal: The Case of A Coruña (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-30, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:17:p:7206-:d:408338
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    5. Kaplan, Sigal & Tchetchik, Anat & Greenberg, Doron & Sapir, Itsik, 2022. "Transit use reduction following COVID-19: The effect of threat appraisal, proactive coping and institutional trust," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 338-356.
    6. Schulte-Fischedick, Marta & Shan, Yuli & Hubacek, Klaus, 2021. "Implications of COVID-19 lockdowns on surface passenger mobility and related CO2 emission changes in Europe," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    7. Abdullah, Muhammad & Ali, Nazam & Hussain, Syed Arif & Aslam, Atif Bilal & Javid, Muhammad Ashraf, 2021. "Measuring changes in travel behavior pattern due to COVID-19 in a developing country: A case study of Pakistan," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 21-33.
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    9. Jiang, Shixiong & Cai, Canhuang, 2022. "Unraveling the dynamic impacts of COVID-19 on metro ridership: An empirical analysis of Beijing and Shanghai, China," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 158-170.
    10. Yaiza Montero-Lamas & Alfonso Orro & Margarita Novales & Francisco-Alberto Varela-García, 2022. "Analysis of the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Areas of Influence of Bus Stops and the Decrease in Ridership during COVID-19 Lockdowns," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, April.
    11. Ziedan, Abubakr & Lima, Luiz & Brakewood, Candace, 2023. "A multiple mediation analysis to untangle the impacts of COVID-19 on nationwide bus ridership in the United States," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    12. Carmen-Mihaela Cretu & Anca-Gabriela Turtureanu & Carmen-Gabriela Sirbu & Florentina Chitu & Emanuel Ştefan Marinescu & Laurentiu-Gabriel Talaghir & Daniela Monica Robu, 2021. "Tourists’ Perceptions Regarding Traveling for Recreational or Leisure Purposes in Times of Health Crisis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, July.
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