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Landfill Site Selection Using MCDM Methods and GIS in the Sulaimaniyah Governorate, Iraq

Author

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  • Karwan Alkaradaghi

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden
    Department of Geology, College of Science, Sulaimani University, Sulaimaniyah 460013, Iraq
    Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research, Sulaimaniyah 460013, Iraq)

  • Salahalddin S. Ali

    (Department of Geology, College of Science, Sulaimani University, Sulaimaniyah 460013, Iraq
    Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah 460013, Iraq
    Komar Research Center, Sulaimaniyah 460013, Iraq)

  • Nadhir Al-Ansari

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden)

  • Jan Laue

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden)

  • Ali Chabuk

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden)

Abstract

A shortage of land for waste disposal is one of the serious problems that faces urban areas in developing countries. The Sulaimaniyah Governorate, located in the north of Iraq, is one of the major cities in the Kurdistan Region of the country, covering an area of 2400 km 2 with a population of 856,990 in 2016. Currently, there is no landfill site in the study area that meets scientific and environmental criteria, and inappropriate solid waste dumping is causing negative environmental impacts. The process of landfill site selection is considered a complex process and is restricted by numerous factors and regulations. This paper proposes multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods in a model for landfill site decision. The model assumes the input of two groups of factors that need to satisfy the optimal values of weight coefficients. These groups of constants are natural factors and artificial factors, and they included thirteen selected criteria: slope, geology, land use, urban area, villages, rivers, groundwater, slope, elevation, soil, geology, road, oil and gas, land use, archaeology and power lines. The criteria were used in the geographic information system (GIS), which has a high capacity to process and analyze various data. In addition, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods followed by the weighted linear combination (WLC) method were used to derive criteria weightings using a matrix of pair-wise comparison. Finally, all the multi criteria decision methods were combined to obtain an intersection of the suitability index map for candidate landfill sites. Seven appropriate sites for landfill were suggested, all of which satisfied the scientific and environmental criteria which were adopted in this study.

Suggested Citation

  • Karwan Alkaradaghi & Salahalddin S. Ali & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Jan Laue & Ali Chabuk, 2019. "Landfill Site Selection Using MCDM Methods and GIS in the Sulaimaniyah Governorate, Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:17:p:4530-:d:259485
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ali Chabuk & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Hussain Musa Hussain & Sven Knutsson & Roland Pusch & Jan Laue, 2017. "Combining GIS Applications and Method of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (AHP) for Landfill Siting in Al-Hashimiyah Qadhaa, Babylon, Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-17, October.
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    4. Li, Zhong-Wu & Zeng, Guang-Ming & Zhang, Hua & Yang, Bin & Jiao, Sheng, 2007. "The integrated eco-environment assessment of the red soil hilly region based on GIS—A case study in Changsha City, China," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 202(3), pages 540-546.
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    Cited by:

    1. Subham Roy & Nimai Singha & Arghadeep Bose & Debanjan Basak & Indrajit Roy Chowdhury, 2023. "Multi-influencing factor (MIF) and RS–GIS-based determination of agriculture site suitability for achieving sustainable development of Sub-Himalayan region, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 7101-7133, July.
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    4. Ateekh Ur Rehman & Mustufa Haider Abidi & Usama Umer & Yusuf Siraj Usmani, 2019. "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Selecting Wind Energy Power Plant Locations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-20, November.
    5. Aarthi Aishwarya Devendran & Brijesh Mainali & Dilip Khatiwada & Farzin Golzar & Krushna Mahapatra & Camila H. Toigo, 2023. "Optimization of Municipal Waste Streams in Achieving Urban Circularity in the City of Curitiba, Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, February.
    6. Omer Bafail, 2022. "A DEMATEL Framework for Modeling Cause-and-Effect Relationships of Inbound Contamination in Single-Stream Recycling Programs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-18, August.
    7. Nimcan Abdi Mohamed & Yemane G. Asfaha & Akiber Chufo Wachemo, 2023. "Integration of Multicriteria Decision Analysis and GIS for Evaluating the Site Suitability for the Landfill in Hargeisa City and Its Environs, Somaliland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-24, May.
    8. Sheoran Savita Kumari & Parmar Vinti, 2020. "Identification of Alternative Landfill Site Using QGIS in a Densely Populated Metropolitan Area," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 39(3), pages 47-56, September.

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