IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v14y2025i4p871-d1635390.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of Comprehensive Land Consolidation on Farmers’ Livelihood Under Different Terrain Gradients

Author

Listed:
  • Rongshan Wan

    (Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China)

  • Hui Yu

    (Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
    Southwest National Space Ecological Protection and Restoration and Comprehensive Improvement Engineering Technology Innovation Center, Chengdu 610072, China)

  • Dan Zhang

    (Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China)

  • Bo Yang

    (Sichuan Provincial Land Consolidation Center, Chengdu 610045, China)

  • Yanhong Huang

    (Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China)

Abstract

Comprehensive land consolidation (CLC) significantly impacts farmers’ sustainable development, particularly in southwestern mountainous areas with limited alternative livelihood options. However, existing studies have rarely considered the impact of CLC on farmers’ livelihoods under different terrain gradients in mountainous areas. Therefore, this study employs elevation, slope, and the terrain position index to divide terrain gradient zones. Based on 307 responses from household survey data, this study measures the changes in farmers’ livelihood capital and livelihood strategies before and after CLC and analyzes the heterogeneity of the impact of CLC under different terrain gradients. The results show the following: (1) The growth of farmers’ livelihood capital and the net effect of CLC showed the terrain gradient effect of medium-terrain areas > low-terrain areas > high-terrain areas. (2) Traditional agricultural types are transitioning to modern agricultural types and agriculture multi-employment types, while agriculture multi-employment types are shifting to non-agriculture multi-employment types. (3) The direct impact of CLC on livelihood transformation is significant in the low-terrain areas, whereas in the medium-terrain and high-terrain areas, the effects are primarily indirect through livelihood factors. This study can provide suggestions for the sustainable development of farmers in different topographic gradients in the Anning River basin.

Suggested Citation

  • Rongshan Wan & Hui Yu & Dan Zhang & Bo Yang & Yanhong Huang, 2025. "Effects of Comprehensive Land Consolidation on Farmers’ Livelihood Under Different Terrain Gradients," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:4:p:871-:d:1635390
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/4/871/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/4/871/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gorgan, Maxim & Bavorova, Miroslava, 2022. "How to increase landowners’ participation in land consolidation: Evidence from North Macedonia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    2. Zhang, Dongli & Wang, Wenxiong & Zhou, Wei & Zhang, Xiaoling & Zuo, Jian, 2020. "The effect on poverty alleviation and income increase of rural land consolidation in different models: A China study," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    3. Ellis, Frank & Bahiigwa, Godfrey, 2003. "Livelihoods and Rural Poverty Reduction in Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 997-1013, June.
    4. Zeweld, Woldegebrial & Van Huylenbroeck, Guido & Tesfay, Girmay & Azadi, Hossein & Speelman, Stijn, 2020. "Sustainable agricultural practices, environmental risk mitigation and livelihood improvements: Empirical evidence from Northern Ethiopia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    5. Wang, Wenxiong & Lan, Yuanqin & Wang, Xu, 2021. "Impact of livelihood capital endowment on poverty alleviation of households under rural land consolidation," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    6. Ellis, Frank & Mdoe, Ntengua, 2003. "Livelihoods and Rural Poverty Reduction in Tanzania," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(8), pages 1367-1384, August.
    7. Li, Hanbing & Jin, Xiaobin & McCormick, Barbara Prack & Tittonell, Pablo & Liu, Jing & Han, Bo & Sun, Rui & Zhou, Yinkang, 2023. "Analysis of the contribution of land consolidation to sustainable poverty alleviation under various natural conditions," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    8. Tunalı, Safiye Pınar & Dağdelen, Necdet, 2023. "Comparison of different models for land consolidation projects: Aydin Yenipazar Plain," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    9. Ellis, Frank & Kutengule, Milton & Nyasulu, Alfred, 2003. "Livelihoods and Rural Poverty Reduction in Malawi," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(9), pages 1495-1510, September.
    10. Natarajan, Nithya & Newsham, Andrew & Rigg, Jonathan & Suhardiman, Diana, 2022. "A sustainable livelihoods framework for the 21st century," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mackenzie, Catrina A. & Ahabyona, Peter, 2012. "Elephants in the garden: Financial and social costs of crop raiding," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 72-82.
    2. Santotomas Licimaco Aguilar-Pinto & Julio Cesar Quispe-Mamani & Dominga Asunción Calcina-Álvarez & Nelly Jacqueline Ulloa-Gallardo & Roxana Madueño-Portilla & Mindi Fabiola Lizárraga-Álvarez & Adderly, 2023. "Public Services in the Household and Their Effect on Poverty, Analysis for the Peruvian Case, 2021," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Phiri, Isaac, 2020. "The effect of access to finance on commercialisation of smallholder maize farmers in Eswatini," Research Theses 334755, Collaborative Masters Program in Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    4. Laibuni, N. & Kirui, L., 2018. "Transforming Livestock Production through Systems Thinking Approach: the case of West Pokot and Narok Counties," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 276020, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    5. Khan, Qaiser & Faguet, Jean-Paul & Ambel, Alemayehu, 2017. "Blending Top-Down Federalism with Bottom-Up Engagement to Reduce Inequality in Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 326-342.
    6. Timothy R. Silberg & Robert B. Richardson & Maria Claudia Lopez, 2020. "Maize farmer preferences for intercropping systems to reduce Striga in Malawi," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(2), pages 269-283, April.
    7. Quang Tran, Tuyen, 2012. "A review on the link between nonfarm activities, land and rural livelihoods in Vietnam and developing countries," MPRA Paper 55850, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 17 Nov 2013.
    8. Maia Green, 2015. "Making Africa middle class: From poverty reduction to the production of inequality in Tanzania," Economic Anthropology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 2(2), pages 295-309, June.
    9. Yang, Jing & Shi, Jianxun & Xu, Ling, 2025. "Effect of digital finance on household financial asset allocation: a social psychology perspective," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    10. Laurens Cherchye & Bram De Rock & Frederic Vermeulen & Selma Walther, 2021. "Where did it go wrong? Marriage and divorce in Malawi," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 12(2), pages 505-545, May.
    11. Nicholas R. Magliocca, 2015. "Model-Based Synthesis of Locally Contingent Responses to Global Market Signals," Land, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-35, September.
    12. Mahwish Siraj & Humayun Khan, 2019. "Impact of Micro Hydropower Projects on Household Income, Expenditure and Diversification of Livelihood Strategies in Azad Jammu and Kashmir," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 58(1), pages 45-63.
    13. World Bank, 2011. "Who Governs Rural Russia?," World Bank Publications - Reports 27449, The World Bank Group.
    14. Frances Cleaver & Anna Toner, 2006. "The evolution of community water governance in Uchira, Tanzania: The implications for equality of access, sustainability and effectiveness," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 30(3), pages 207-218, August.
    15. Diether W. Beuermann & Maria Amelina, 2018. "Does participatory budgeting improve decentralized public service delivery? Experimental evidence from rural Russia," Economics of Governance, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 339-379, November.
    16. Tilahun, Mesfin & Maertens, Miet & Deckers, Jozef & Muys, Bart & Mathijs, Erik, 2016. "Impact of membership in frankincense cooperative firms on rural income and poverty in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 95-108.
    17. Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali, 2013. "How access to irrigation influences poverty and livelihoods: a case study from Sri Lanka. Impact assessment of infrastructure projects on poverty reduction," IWMI Working Papers H045795, International Water Management Institute.
    18. Ahmed, M. & Gautam, M. & Sen, B., 2018. "Waves of Change: Understanding Ascent, Descent and Persistence of Poverty in Rural Bangladesh," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277340, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    19. Rita Afsar, 2010. "Poverty, Inequality and the Challenges of Pro-Poor Governance in Bangladesh," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 5(2), pages 187-219, October.
    20. Elisa Portale, 2012. "Socio-Economic Sustainability of Biofuel Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a Jatropha Outgrower Model in Rural Tanzania," CID Working Papers 56, Center for International Development at Harvard University.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:4:p:871-:d:1635390. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.