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Association with Ambient Air Pollutants and School Absence Due to Sickness in Schoolchildren: A Case-Crossover Study in a Provincial Town of Japan

Author

Listed:
  • Masanari Watanabe

    (Division of Internal Medicine, Motomachi Hospital, 1895-1 Agarimichi-cho, Sakaiminato 684-0033, Japan)

  • Hisashi Noma

    (Department of Data Science, Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan)

  • Jun Kurai

    (Division of Internal Medicine, Motomachi Hospital, 1895-1 Agarimichi-cho, Sakaiminato 684-0033, Japan)

  • Kazuhiro Kato

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Yasugi Daiichi Hospital, Yasugicho 899-1, Yasugi 692-0011, Japan)

  • Hiroyuki Sano

    (Allergy Center, Kindai University Hospital, Ohnohigashi 377-2, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan)

Abstract

The effect of ambient air pollutants and Asian dust (AD) on absence from school due to sickness has not been well researched. By conducting a case-crossover study, this study investigated the influence of ambient air pollutants and desert sand dust particles from East Asia on absence from school due to sickness. From November 2016 to July 2018, the daily cases of absence due to sickness were recorded in five elementary schools in Matsue, Japan. During the study period, a total of 16,915 absence cases were recorded, which included 4865 fever cases and 2458 cough cases. The relative risk of overall absence in a 10-μg/m 3 increment of PM 2.5 and a 0.1-km −1 of desert sand dust particles from East Asia were found with 1.28 (95%CI: 1.15–1.42) and 2.15 (1.04–4.45) at lag0, respectively. The significant influence of PM 2.5 persisted at lag5 and that of desert sand dust particles at lag2. NO 2 had statistically significant effects at lag2, lag3, and lag4. However, there was no evidence of a positive association of O x and SO 2 with absence from school. These results suggested that PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and AD increased the risk of absence due to sickness in schoolchildren.

Suggested Citation

  • Masanari Watanabe & Hisashi Noma & Jun Kurai & Kazuhiro Kato & Hiroyuki Sano, 2021. "Association with Ambient Air Pollutants and School Absence Due to Sickness in Schoolchildren: A Case-Crossover Study in a Provincial Town of Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-11, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6631-:d:578377
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tanaka, Shinsuke, 2015. "Environmental regulations on air pollution in China and their impact on infant mortality," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 90-103.
    2. Zhenhua Zhang & Guoxing Zhang & Shunfeng Song & Bin Su, 2020. "Spatial Heterogeneity Influences of Environmental Control and Informal Regulation on Air Pollutant Emissions in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-22, July.
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