IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i11p3999-d367426.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Seasonal Impacts of Particulate Matter Levels on Bike Sharing in Seoul, South Korea

Author

Listed:
  • Hyungkyoo Kim

    (Department of Urban Design and Planning, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04066, Korea)

Abstract

Bike sharing is increasingly attracting more riders in cities around the world for its benefits regarding the urban environment and public health. The public bike sharing program of Seoul, South Korea, first launched in October 2015, is now widely spread around the city and serves more than 27,000 riders daily. However, concerns are being raised as rising air pollution levels in Seoul, represented by particulate matter (PM) levels, in recent years may negatively discourage citizens from using bike sharing. This study investigates the impact of PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels on bike sharing use in Seoul and seeks to identify any seasonal differences. A series of negative binomial regression models, which take into account control variables like weather conditions and calendar events, are adopted to empirically measure the impacts. Results show that the PM levels yield statistically significant negative impacts ( p < 0.01) on bike sharing use throughout the year. The impacts are particularly stronger in winter and spring, when the PM levels are higher. Findings suggest that PM levels may operate as driving factors for bike sharing use in addition to meteorological conditions like temperature, humidity, and precipitation.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyungkyoo Kim, 2020. "Seasonal Impacts of Particulate Matter Levels on Bike Sharing in Seoul, South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:11:p:3999-:d:367426
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/3999/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/3999/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bomi Kim & Eun Joo Yoon & Songyi Kim & Dong Kun Lee, 2020. "The Effects of Risk Perceptions Related to Particulate Matter on Outdoor Activity Satisfaction in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Lu-Yi Qiu & Ling-Yun He, 2018. "Bike Sharing and the Economy, the Environment, and Health-Related Externalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-10, April.
    3. Kyung Hwan Lee & Dong Hyuk Won & Eun Jeong Ko, 2015. "The multiple impacts of the neighbourhood environment on the use of public bicycles by residents: an empirical study of Changwon in Korea," International Journal of Urban Sciences, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 224-237, July.
    4. Xin Fang & Bo Fang & Chunfang Wang & Tian Xia & Matteo Bottai & Fang Fang & Yang Cao, 2019. "Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Generalized Additive Models for Assessing the Association between Daily Exposure to Fine Particles and Respiratory Mortality: A Simulation Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, March.
    5. Shaheen, Susan & Guzman, Stacey & Zhang, Hua, 2010. "Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: Past, Present, and Future," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt79v822k5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    6. Hamilton, Timothy L. & Wichman, Casey J., 2018. "Bicycle infrastructure and traffic congestion: Evidence from DC's Capital Bikeshare," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 72-93.
    7. Hyungkyoo Kim & Elizabeth Macdonald, 2016. "Does Wind Discourage Sustainable Transportation Mode Choice? Findings from San Francisco, California, USA," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-15, March.
    8. Frade, Ines & Ribeiro, Anabela, 2015. "Bike-sharing stations: A maximal covering location approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 216-227.
    9. Wang, Mingshu & Zhou, Xiaolu, 2017. "Bike-sharing systems and congestion: Evidence from US cities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 147-154.
    10. Li, Weibo & Kamargianni, Maria, 2018. "Providing quantified evidence to policy makers for promoting bike-sharing in heavily air-polluted cities: A mode choice model and policy simulation for Taiyuan-China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 277-291.
    11. Raja Jurdak, 2013. "The Impact of Cost and Network Topology on Urban Mobility: A Study of Public Bicycle Usage in 2 U.S. Cities," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-6, November.
    12. Kim, Kyoungok, 2018. "Investigation on the effects of weather and calendar events on bike-sharing according to the trip patterns of bike rentals of stations," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 309-320.
    13. Audikana, Ander & Ravalet, Emmanuel & Baranger, Virginie & Kaufmann, Vincent, 2017. "Implementing bikesharing systems in small cities: Evidence from the Swiss experience," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 18-28.
    14. Wafic El-Assi & Mohamed Salah Mahmoud & Khandker Nurul Habib, 2017. "Effects of built environment and weather on bike sharing demand: a station level analysis of commercial bike sharing in Toronto," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 589-613, May.
    15. Shaheen, Susan PhD & Cohen, Adam & Martin, Elliot PhD, 2013. "Public Bikesharing in North America: Early Operator Understanding and Emerging Trends," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt1x26m6z7, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    16. Emmy Nkhama & Micky Ndhlovu & J. Timothy Dvonch & Mary Lynam & Graciela Mentz & Seter Siziya & Kuku Voyi, 2017. "Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on Respiratory Health in a Community near a Cement Factory in Chilanga, Zambia: Results from a Panel Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, November.
    17. Apparicio, Philippe & Carrier, Mathieu & Gelb, Jérémy & Séguin, Anne-Marie & Kingham, Simon, 2016. "Cyclists' exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise in central city neighbourhoods of Montreal," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 63-69.
    18. Kyle Gebhart & Robert Noland, 2014. "The impact of weather conditions on bikeshare trips in Washington, DC," Transportation, Springer, vol. 41(6), pages 1205-1225, November.
    19. Bergström, A. & Magnusson, R., 2003. "Potential of transferring car trips to bicycle during winter," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 649-666, October.
    20. Shaheen, Susan A & Guzman, Stacey & Zhang, Hua, 2010. "Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: Past, Present and Future," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt6qg8q6ft, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    21. Médard de Chardon, Cyrille, 2019. "The contradictions of bike-share benefits, purposes and outcomes," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 401-419.
    22. Nankervis, Max, 1999. "The effect of weather and climate on bicycle commuting," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 417-431, August.
    23. Zhang, Yongping & Mi, Zhifu, 2018. "Environmental benefits of bike sharing: A big data-based analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 296-301.
    24. Yisi Liu & Bowen Lan & Jeff Shirai & Elena Austin & Changhong Yang & Edmund Seto, 2019. "Exposures to Air Pollution and Noise from Multi-Modal Commuting in a Chinese City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-16, July.
    25. Elliot Fishman & Simon Washington & Narelle Haworth, 2013. "Bike Share: A Synthesis of the Literature," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(2), pages 148-165, March.
    26. Shona C. Fang & Adrian Cassidy & David C. Christiani, 2010. "A Systematic Review of Occupational Exposure to Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-34, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Choi, Seung Jun & Jiao, Junfeng & Lee, Hye Kyung & Farahi, Arya, 2023. "Combatting the mismatch: Modeling bike-sharing rental and return machine learning classification forecast in Seoul, South Korea," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    2. Jeemin Youn & Hyungkyoo Kim & Jaekyung Lee, 2023. "Relationships between Thermal Environment and Air Pollution of Seoul’s 25 Districts Using Vector Autoregressive Granger Causality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Hyeongjin Ahn & Eunil Park, 2022. "For sustainable development in the transportation sector: Determinants of acceptance of sustainable transportation using the innovation diffusion theory and technology acceptance model," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(5), pages 1169-1183, October.
    4. Li-Ting Chen & Ya-Wen Hsu, 2020. "Socio-Ecological Predictors of Frequent Bike Share Trips: Do Purposes Matter?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-16, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mix, Richard & Hurtubia, Ricardo & Raveau, Sebastián, 2022. "Optimal location of bike-sharing stations: A built environment and accessibility approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 126-142.
    2. Wang, Jueyu & Lindsey, Greg, 2019. "Neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics and bike share member patterns of use," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Yuanyuan Zhang & Yuming Zhang, 2018. "Associations between Public Transit Usage and Bikesharing Behaviors in The United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-20, June.
    4. Hu, Beibei & Zhong, Zhenfang & Zhang, Yanli & Sun, Yue & Jiang, Li & Dong, Xianlei & Sun, Huijun, 2022. "Understanding the influencing factors of bicycle-sharing demand based on residents’ trips," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 586(C).
    5. Ma, Xinwei & Ji, Yanjie & Yuan, Yufei & Van Oort, Niels & Jin, Yuchuan & Hoogendoorn, Serge, 2020. "A comparison in travel patterns and determinants of user demand between docked and dockless bike-sharing systems using multi-sourced data," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 148-173.
    6. Li, Shaoying & Zhuang, Caigang & Tan, Zhangzhi & Gao, Feng & Lai, Zhipeng & Wu, Zhifeng, 2021. "Inferring the trip purposes and uncovering spatio-temporal activity patterns from dockless shared bike dataset in Shenzhen, China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    7. Alexandros Nikitas, 2019. "How to Save Bike-Sharing: An Evidence-Based Survival Toolkit for Policy-Makers and Mobility Providers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-17, June.
    8. Zhou, Xiaolu & Wang, Mingshu & Li, Dongying, 2019. "Bike-sharing or taxi? Modeling the choices of travel mode in Chicago using machine learning," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Kim, Minjun & Cho, Gi-Hyoug, 2021. "Analysis on bike-share ridership for origin-destination pairs: Effects of public transit route characteristics and land-use patterns," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    10. Rodrigo Mora & Pablo Moran, 2020. "Public Bike Sharing Programs Under the Prism of Urban Planning Officials: The Case of Santiago de Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-20, July.
    11. Fukushige, Tatsuya & Fitch, Dillon T. & Handy, Susan, 2022. "Can an Incentive-Based approach to rebalancing a Dock-less Bike-share system Work? Evidence from Sacramento, California," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 181-194.
    12. Wenya Cui & Guangnian Xiao, 2021. "Tripartite Dynamic Game among Government, Bike-Sharing Enterprises, and Consumers under the Influence of Seasons and Quota," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-24, October.
    13. Umer Mansoor & Mohammad Tamim Kashifi & Fazal Rehman Safi & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2022. "A review of factors and benefits of non-motorized transport: a way forward for developing countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1560-1582, February.
    14. Kwiatkowski Michał Adam, 2018. "Urban Cycling as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Innovation and Sustainable Transport," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 37(4), pages 23-32, December.
    15. Haotian Ma & Xinlu Chen & Zhilei Zhen & Qian Wang, 2023. "Bicycle-sharing in Beijing: An Assessment of Economic, Environmental, and Health Effects, and Identification of Key Drivers of Environmental Performance," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 285-316, March.
    16. Shahram Heydari & Garyfallos Konstantinoudis & Abdul Wahid Behsoodi, 2021. "Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on bike-sharing demand and hire time: Evidence from Santander Cycles in London," Papers 2107.11589, arXiv.org.
    17. Çelebi, Dilay & Yörüsün, Aslı & Işık, Hanife, 2018. "Bicycle sharing system design with capacity allocations," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 86-98.
    18. Sunio, Varsolo & Laperal, Miguel & Mateo-Babiano, Iderlina, 2020. "Social enterprise as catalyst of transformation in the micro-mobility sector," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 145-157.
    19. Li, Chunzhi & Xiao, Wei & Zhang, Dayong & Ji, Qiang, 2021. "Low-carbon transformation of cities: Understanding the demand for dockless bike sharing in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    20. Morton, Craig, 2020. "The demand for cycle sharing: Examining the links between weather conditions, air quality levels, and cycling demand for regular and casual users," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:11:p:3999-:d:367426. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.