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Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on Respiratory Health in a Community near a Cement Factory in Chilanga, Zambia: Results from a Panel Study

Author

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  • Emmy Nkhama

    (Department of Environmental Health, Chainama College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 33991, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
    Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
    Public Health Unit, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 71191, Ndola 10101, Zambia)

  • Micky Ndhlovu

    (Department of Clinical Medicine, Chainama College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 33991, Lusaka 10101, Zambia)

  • J. Timothy Dvonch

    (Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA)

  • Mary Lynam

    (Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA)

  • Graciela Mentz

    (Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA)

  • Seter Siziya

    (Public Health Unit, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 71191, Ndola 10101, Zambia
    School of Health Sciences, University of Lusaka, P.O. Box 36711, Lusaka 10101, Zambia)

  • Kuku Voyi

    (School of Public Health and Health System, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

Abstract

We conducted a panel study to investigate seasonal variations in concentrations of airborne PM 2.5 and PM 10 and the effects on respiratory health in a community near a cement factory; in Chilanga; Zambia. A panel of 63 and 55 participants aged 21 to 59 years from a community located at the edge of the factory within 1 km and a control community located 18 km from the factory respectively; were followed up for three climatic seasons July 2015 to February 2016. Symptom diary questionnaires were completed and lung function measurements taken daily for 14 days in each of the three climatic seasons. Simultaneously, PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations in ambient air were monitored at a fixed site for each community. Mean seasonal concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 ranged from 2.39–24.93 μg/m 3 and 7.03–68.28 μg/m 3 respectively in the exposed compared to the control community 1.69–6.03 μg/m 3 and 2.26–8.86 μg/m 3 . The incident rates of reported respiratory symptoms were higher in the exposed compared to the control community: 46.3 vs. 13.8 for cough; 41.2 vs. 9.6 for phlegm; 49.0 vs.12.5 for nose; and 13.9 vs. 3.9 for wheeze per 100 person-days. There was a lower performance on all lung indices in the exposed community compared to the control; overall the mean FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) predicted percentage for the exposed was six and four percentage points lower than the control. Restriction of industrial emissions coupled with on-going monitoring and regulatory enforcement are needed to ensure that PM (airborne particulate matter) levels in the ambient air are kept within recommended levels to safeguard the respiratory health of nearby community residents.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmy Nkhama & Micky Ndhlovu & J. Timothy Dvonch & Mary Lynam & Graciela Mentz & Seter Siziya & Kuku Voyi, 2017. "Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on Respiratory Health in a Community near a Cement Factory in Chilanga, Zambia: Results from a Panel Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:11:p:1351-:d:117722
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sultan Ayoub Meo & Abdul Majeed Al-Drees & Abeer A. Al Masri & Fawzia Al Rouq & Muhammad Abdul Azeem, 2013. "Effect of Duration of Exposure to Cement Dust on Respiratory Function of Non-Smoking Cement Mill Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, January.
    2. Emmy Nkhama & Micky Ndhlovu & J. Timothy Dvonch & Seter Siziya & Kuku Voyi, 2015. "Prevalence and Determinants of Mucous Membrane Irritations in a Community Near a Cement Factory in Zambia: A Cross Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maysaa Nemer & Rita Giacaman & Abdullatif Husseini, 2020. "Lung Function and Respiratory Health of Populations Living Close to Quarry Sites in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Cristian Ciobanu & Irina Aura Istrate & Paula Tudor & Gheorghe Voicu, 2021. "Dust Emission Monitoring in Cement Plant Mills: A Case Study in Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Hyungkyoo Kim, 2020. "Seasonal Impacts of Particulate Matter Levels on Bike Sharing in Seoul, South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Akshay Gharpure & James William Heim & Randy L. Vander Wal, 2021. "Characterization and Hazard Identification of Respirable Cement and Concrete Dust from Construction Activities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-12, September.
    5. Gheorghe Voicu & Cristian Ciobanu & Irina Aura Istrate & Paula Tudor, 2020. "Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, February.
    6. Herman Bagula & Toyib Olaniyan & Kees de Hoogh & Apolline Saucy & Bhawoodien Parker & Joy Leaner & Martin Röösli & Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie, 2021. "Ambient Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Outcomes amongst Adults Residing in Four Informal Settlements in the Western Province of South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-13, December.

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