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Beverage Intake, Smoking Behavior, and Alcohol Consumption in Contemporary China—A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey

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  • Yen-Han Lee

    (School of Public Health, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
    Current email address: leeyen@umail.iu.edu .)

  • Zhi Wang

    (School of Public Health, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA)

  • Timothy C. Chiang

    (College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA)

  • Ching-Ti Liu

    (School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA)

Abstract

Chinese residents enjoy various types of beverages in their daily life. With the rapid Westernization of contemporary China, several adverse health concerns—such as diabetes linked to sweetened beverages—have emerged. Until now, no research that examines associations between beverage consumption and smoking/drinking behaviors has been made available, despite the large Chinese populations partaking in such activities. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the association between beverage intake frequencies and smoking/drinking behaviors in 12,658 adult respondents who participated in the latest wave (2011) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Further, we applied Tukey’s Honest Significance test for pairwise comparisons. We defined the consumption categories as daily (at least one serving per day), weekly (less than one serving per day, at least one serving per week), monthly (less than one serving per week, at least one serving per month), and less than monthly or none—for sweetened beverage, water, tea, and coffee consumptions. The data showed that both tea and sweetened beverages are associated with smoking/drinking behaviors. Compared to respondents who consume tea and sweetened beverages daily, the odds of smoking behaviors are lower for those who consume such beverages less frequently. Further policy implications are discussed, including higher taxes on sweetened beverages and lessons from other countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Yen-Han Lee & Zhi Wang & Timothy C. Chiang & Ching-Ti Liu, 2017. "Beverage Intake, Smoking Behavior, and Alcohol Consumption in Contemporary China—A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:5:p:493-:d:97854
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hui Cheng & Sing Lee & Adley Tsang & Yueqin Huang & Zhaorui Liu & James Anthony & Ronald Kessler, 2010. "The epidemiological profile of alcohol and other drug use in metropolitan China," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 55(6), pages 645-653, December.
    2. Basu, S. & McKee, M. & Galea, G. & Stuckler, D., 2013. "Relationship of soft drink consumption to global overweight, obesity, and diabetes: A cross-national analysis of 75 countries," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(11), pages 2071-2077.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yen-Han Lee & Mack Shelley & Ching-Ti Liu & Yen-Chang Chang, 2018. "Assessing the Association of Food Preferences and Self-Reported Psychological Well-Being among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Contemporary China-Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Dai Su & Zhifang Chen & Jingjing Chang & Guangwen Gong & Dandan Guo & Min Tan & Yunfan Zhang & Yanchen Liu & Xinlan Chen & Xinlin Chen & Yingchun Chen, 2020. "Effect of Social Participation on the Physical Functioning and Depression of Empty-Nest Elderly in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-15, December.

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