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A Systematic Review: Costing and Financing of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools

Author

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  • Shannon M. McGinnis

    (College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA)

  • Thomas McKeon

    (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Richa Desai

    (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Akudo Ejelonu

    (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Stanley Laskowski

    (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Heather M. Murphy

    (College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA)

Abstract

Despite the success of recent efforts to increase access to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) globally, approximately one-third of schools around the world still lack adequate WASH services. A lack of WASH in schools can lead to the spread of preventable disease and increase school absences, especially among women. Inadequate financing and budgeting has been named as a key barrier for integrating successful and sustainable WASH programs into school settings. For this reason, the purpose of this review is to describe the current knowledge around the costs of WASH components as well as financing models that could be applied to WASH in schools. Results show a lack of information around WASH costing, particularly around software elements as well as a lack of data overall for WASH in school settings as compared to community WASH. This review also identifies several key considerations when designing WASH budgets or selecting financing mechanisms. Findings may be used to advise future WASH in school programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Shannon M. McGinnis & Thomas McKeon & Richa Desai & Akudo Ejelonu & Stanley Laskowski & Heather M. Murphy, 2017. "A Systematic Review: Costing and Financing of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-28, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:4:p:442-:d:96320
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    3. Darcy M. Anderson & Ryan Cronk & Lucy Best & Mark Radin & Hayley Schram & J. Wren Tracy & Jamie Bartram, 2020. "Budgeting for Environmental Health Services in Healthcare Facilities: A Ten-Step Model for Planning and Costing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-22, March.
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    5. Paola A. Torres-Slimming & Carlee Wright & Cesar P. Carcamo & Patricia J. Garcia & IHACC Research Team & Sherilee L. Harper, 2019. "Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: A Mixed Methods Study of Health-Related Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) for Indigenous Shawi in the Peruvian Amazon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-17, July.

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