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Microgrids’ Control Strategies and Real-Time Monitoring Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Author

Listed:
  • Kayode Ebenezer Ojo

    (Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa)

  • Akshay Kumar Saha

    (Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa)

  • Viranjay Mohan Srivastava

    (Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
    Department of Electronics Engineering, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B4 7XG, UK)

Abstract

Microgrids (MGs) technologies, with their advanced control techniques and real-time monitoring systems, provide users with attractive benefits including enhanced power quality, stability, sustainability, and environmentally friendly energy. As a result of continuous technological development, Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and technologies are becoming more and more important to the future smart grid’s creation, control, monitoring, and protection of microgrids. Since microgrids are made up of several components that can function in network distribution mode using AC, DC, and hybrid systems, an appropriate control strategy and monitoring system is necessary to ensure that the power from microgrids is delivered to sensitive loads and the main grid effectively. As a result, this article thoroughly assesses MGs’ control systems and groups them based on their degree of protection, energy conversion, integration, advantages, and disadvantages. The functions of IoT and monitoring systems for MGs’ data analytics, energy transactions, and security threats are also demonstrated in this article. This study also identifies several factors, challenges, and concerns about the long-term advancement of MGs’ control technology. This work can serve as a guide for all upcoming energy management and microgrid monitoring systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Kayode Ebenezer Ojo & Akshay Kumar Saha & Viranjay Mohan Srivastava, 2025. "Microgrids’ Control Strategies and Real-Time Monitoring Systems: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-34, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:13:p:3576-:d:1696509
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kayode Ebenezer Ojo & Akshay Kumar Saha & Viranjay Mohan Srivastava, 2025. "Review of Advances in Renewable Energy-Based Microgrid Systems: Control Strategies, Emerging Trends, and Future Possibilities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-26, July.

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