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Development of Control Techniques for AC Microgrids: A Critical Assessment

Author

Listed:
  • Pabel Alberto Cárdenas

    (Instituto de Energía Eléctrica, Universidad Nacional de San Juan-CONICET, San Juan J5400, Argentina)

  • Maximiliano Martínez

    (Instituto de Energía Eléctrica, Universidad Nacional de San Juan-CONICET, San Juan J5400, Argentina)

  • Marcelo Gustavo Molina

    (Instituto de Energía Eléctrica, Universidad Nacional de San Juan-CONICET, San Juan J5400, Argentina)

  • Pedro Enrique Mercado

    (Instituto de Energía Eléctrica, Universidad Nacional de San Juan-CONICET, San Juan J5400, Argentina)

Abstract

This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of control strategies for AC microgrids (MG) and presents a confidently designed hierarchical control approach divided into different levels. These levels are specifically designed to perform functions based on the MG’s mode of operation, such as grid-connected or islanded mode. The primary control ensures frequency (f) and voltage (V) stability, whereas the secondary control adjusts their values to their references and the tertiary control efficiently manages the power of distributed generators (DGs) in a cost-effective manner. The article extensively discusses centralized, decentralized, and distributed strategies for each control level, highlighting their differences, advantages, disadvantages, and areas of application. Finally, the usefulness of different control strategies at different levels is demonstrated through practical examples.

Suggested Citation

  • Pabel Alberto Cárdenas & Maximiliano Martínez & Marcelo Gustavo Molina & Pedro Enrique Mercado, 2023. "Development of Control Techniques for AC Microgrids: A Critical Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-28, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:21:p:15195-:d:1265961
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hirsch, Adam & Parag, Yael & Guerrero, Josep, 2018. "Microgrids: A review of technologies, key drivers, and outstanding issues," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 402-411.
    2. Elkholy, M.H. & Metwally, Hamid & Farahat, M.A. & Senjyu, Tomonobu & Elsayed Lotfy, Mohammed, 2022. "Smart centralized energy management system for autonomous microgrid using FPGA," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    3. Sijia Li & Arman Oshnoei & Frede Blaabjerg & Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, 2023. "Hierarchical Control for Microgrids: A Survey on Classical and Machine Learning-Based Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-22, June.
    4. Luis Orlando Polanco Vasquez & Cristian Andrés Carreño Meneses & Alejandro Pizano Martínez & Juana López Redondo & Manuel Pérez García & José Domingo Álvarez Hervás, 2018. "Optimal Energy Management within a Microgrid: A Comparative Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-22, August.
    5. Yinghao Shan & Liqian Ma & Xiangkai Yu, 2023. "Hierarchical Control and Economic Optimization of Microgrids Considering the Randomness of Power Generation and Load Demand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-23, July.
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