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A Comparative Experimental Analysis of a Cold Latent Thermal Storage System Coupled with a Heat Pump/Air Conditioning Unit

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Listed:
  • Claudio Zilio

    (Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, 36100 Vicenza, Italy)

  • Giulia Righetti

    (Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, 36100 Vicenza, Italy)

  • Dario Guarda

    (Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, 36100 Vicenza, Italy)

  • Francesca Martelletto

    (Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, 36100 Vicenza, Italy)

  • Simone Mancin

    (Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, 36100 Vicenza, Italy)

Abstract

The decarbonization of residential cooling systems requires innovative solutions to overcome the mismatch between the renewable energy availability and demand. Integrating latent thermal energy storage (LTES) with heat pump/air conditioning (HP/AC) units can help balance energy use and enhance efficiency. However, the dynamic behavior of such integrated systems, particularly under low-load conditions, remains underexplored. This study investigates a 5 kW HP/AC unit coupled with an 18 kWh LTES system using a bio-based Phase Change Material (PCM) with a melting temperature of 9 °C. Two configurations were tested: charging the LTES using either a thermostatic bath or the HP/AC unit. Key parameters such as the stored energy, temperature distribution, and cooling capacity were analyzed. The results show that, under identical conditions (2 °C inlet temperature, 16 L/min flow rate), the energy stored using the HP/AC unit was only 6.3% lower than with the thermostatic bath. Nevertheless, significant cooling capacity fluctuations occurred with the HP/AC unit due to compressor modulation and anti-frost cycles. The compressor frequency varied from 75 Hz to 25 Hz, and inefficient on-off cycling appeared in the final phase, when the power demand dropped below 1 kW. These findings highlight the importance of integrated system design and control strategies. A co-optimized HP/AC–LTES setup is essential to avoid performance degradation and to fully exploit the benefits of thermal storage in residential cooling.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudio Zilio & Giulia Righetti & Dario Guarda & Francesca Martelletto & Simone Mancin, 2025. "A Comparative Experimental Analysis of a Cold Latent Thermal Storage System Coupled with a Heat Pump/Air Conditioning Unit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:13:p:3485-:d:1692845
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Zhengjing Li & Yishun Sha & Xuelai Zhang, 2024. "Research on Phase Change Cold Storage Materials and Innovative Applications in Air Conditioning Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-24, August.
    3. Schill, Wolf-Peter, 2020. "Electricity Storage and the Renewable Energy Transition," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 4(10), pages 2059-2064.
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