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Green Hydrogen in Focus: A Review of Production Technologies, Policy Impact, and Market Developments

Author

Listed:
  • Mustafa Jaradat

    (Department of Energy Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman Madaba Street, Amman 11180, Jordan)

  • Sondos Almashaileh

    (Department of Energy Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman Madaba Street, Amman 11180, Jordan)

  • Codruta Bendea

    (Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering and Industrial Management, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Adel Juaidi

    (Industrial & Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine)

  • Gabriel Bendea

    (Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering and Industrial Management, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania)

  • Tudor Bungau

    (Faculty of Constructions, Cadaster and Architecture, University of Oradea, 410058 Oradea, Romania)

Abstract

This paper navigates the critical role of hydrogen in catalyzing a sustainable energy transformation. This review delves into hydrogen production methodologies, spotlighting green and blue hydrogen as pivotal for future energy systems because of their potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Through a comprehensive literature review and a bibliometric analysis, this study underscores the importance of technological advancements, policy support, and market incentives in promoting hydrogen as a key energy vector. It also explores the necessity of expanding renewable energy sources and international cooperation to secure a sustainable, low-carbon future. The analysis highlights the importance of scalable and cost-effective hydrogen production methods, such as solar-thermochemical and photo-electrochemical processes, and addresses the challenges posed by resource availability and geopolitical factors in establishing a hydrogen economy. This paper serves as a guide for policy and innovation toward achieving global sustainability goals, illustrating the essential role of hydrogen in the energy transition.

Suggested Citation

  • Mustafa Jaradat & Sondos Almashaileh & Codruta Bendea & Adel Juaidi & Gabriel Bendea & Tudor Bungau, 2024. "Green Hydrogen in Focus: A Review of Production Technologies, Policy Impact, and Market Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-27, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:3992-:d:1454835
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lee, Hwarang & Ahn, Jiseok & Choi, Dong Gu & Park, Sang Yong, 2024. "Analysis of the role of hydrogen energy in achieving carbon neutrality by 2050: A case study of the Republic of Korea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    2. Superchi, Francesco & Mati, Alessandro & Carcasci, Carlo & Bianchini, Alessandro, 2023. "Techno-economic analysis of wind-powered green hydrogen production to facilitate the decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors: A case study on steelmaking," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
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    4. Jac Clarke & Wulf Dettmer & Jennifer Wen & Zhaoxin Ren, 2023. "Cryogenic Hydrogen Jet and Flame for Clean Energy Applications: Progress and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-40, May.
    5. Xing Cao & Jingang Wang & Pengcheng Zhao & Haiting Xia & Yun Li & Liming Sun & Wei He, 2023. "Hydrogen Production System Using Alkaline Water Electrolysis Adapting to Fast Fluctuating Photovoltaic Power," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-13, April.
    6. Burton, N.A. & Padilla, R.V. & Rose, A. & Habibullah, H., 2021. "Increasing the efficiency of hydrogen production from solar powered water electrolysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    7. Ahn, Seon-Yong & Kim, Kyoung-Jin & Kim, Beom-Jun & Hong, Ga-Ram & Jang, Won-Jun & Bae, Jong Wook & Park, Young-Kwon & Jeon, Byong-Hun & Roh, Hyun-Seog, 2023. "From gray to blue hydrogen: Trends and forecasts of catalysts and sorbents for unit process," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    8. Rafael d’Amore-Domenech & Isabel Carrillo & Emilio Navarro & Teresa J. Leo, 2023. "Alkaline Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production at Sea: Perspectives on Economic Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-13, May.
    9. Cristina Hora & Florin Ciprian Dan & Nicolae Rancov & Gabriela Elena Badea & Calin Secui, 2022. "Main Trends and Research Directions in Hydrogen Generation Using Low Temperature Electrolysis: A Systematic Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-21, August.
    10. Muhammad, Hafiz Ali & Naseem, Mujahid & Kim, Jonghwan & Kim, Sundong & Choi, Yoonseok & Lee, Young Duk, 2024. "Solar hydrogen production: Technoeconomic analysis of a concentrated solar-powered high-temperature electrolysis system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    11. Xia, Ao & Cheng, Jun & Ding, Lingkan & Lin, Richen & Song, Wenlu & Su, Huibo & Zhou, Junhu & Cen, Kefa, 2015. "Substrate consumption and hydrogen production via co-fermentation of monomers derived from carbohydrates and proteins in biomass wastes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 9-16.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luciano T. Barbosa & Pedro A. C. Rosas & José F. C. Castro & Samuel D. Vasconcelos & Paulo H. R. P. Gama & Douglas C. P. Barbosa, 2025. "Proposal for an Energy Efficiency Index for Green Hydrogen Production—An Integrated Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-29, June.
    2. Yujiro Hirano & Yukiko Yoshida & Takahiro Yoshida & Yoshiki Yamagata & Suguru Mizutani & Ji Xuan, 2025. "Evaluation of CO 2 Emissions Reduction in the Japanese Residential Sector Through Energy-Saving Scenarios Based on Large-Scale Survey Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-21, April.
    3. Patrizia Ghisellini & Renato Passaro & Sergio Ulgiati, 2025. "Is Green Hydrogen an Environmentally and Socially Sound Solution for Decarbonizing Energy Systems Within a Circular Economy Transition?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-55, May.
    4. Shashank Deepak Prabhu, 2025. "Understanding the Sustainable Hydrogen Generation Potential for the Region of Bavaria, Germany via Bio-Waste Processing Using Thermochemical Conversion Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-24, April.

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