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Cryogenic Hydrogen Jet and Flame for Clean Energy Applications: Progress and Challenges

Author

Listed:
  • Jac Clarke

    (Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK)

  • Wulf Dettmer

    (Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK)

  • Jennifer Wen

    (Fire and Explosion Modelling Group, School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK)

  • Zhaoxin Ren

    (Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK)

Abstract

Industries across the world are making the transition to net-zero carbon emissions, as government policies and strategies are proposed to mitigate the impact of climate change on the planet. As a result, the use of hydrogen as an energy source is becoming an increasingly popular field of research, particularly in the aviation sector, where an alternative, green, renewable fuel to the traditional hydrocarbon fuels such as kerosene is essential. Hydrogen can be stored in multiple ways, including compressed gaseous hydrogen, cryo-compressed hydrogen and cryogenic liquid hydrogen. The infrastructure and storage of hydrogen will play a pivotal role in the realisation of large-scale conversion from traditional fuels, with safety being a key consideration. This paper provides a review on previous work undertaken to study the characterisation of both unignited and ignited hydrogen jets, which are fundamental phenomena for the utilisation of hydrogen. This includes work that focuses on the near-field flow structure, dispersion in the far-field, ignition and flame characteristics with multi-physics. The safety considerations are also included. The theoretical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) multiphase and reactive flow approaches are discussed. Then, an overview of previous experimental work is provided, before focusing the review on the existing computational results, with comparison to experiments. Upon completion of this review, it is highlighted that the complex near-field physics and flow phenomena are areas lacking in research. The near-field flow properties and characteristics are of significant importance with respect to the ignition and combustion of hydrogen.

Suggested Citation

  • Jac Clarke & Wulf Dettmer & Jennifer Wen & Zhaoxin Ren, 2023. "Cryogenic Hydrogen Jet and Flame for Clean Energy Applications: Progress and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-40, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:11:p:4411-:d:1159567
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Baroutaji, Ahmad & Wilberforce, Tabbi & Ramadan, Mohamad & Olabi, Abdul Ghani, 2019. "Comprehensive investigation on hydrogen and fuel cell technology in the aviation and aerospace sectors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 31-40.
    2. Christopher Winnefeld & Thomas Kadyk & Boris Bensmann & Ulrike Krewer & Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach, 2018. "Modelling and Designing Cryogenic Hydrogen Tanks for Future Aircraft Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-23, January.
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