IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i4p1609-d1059221.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Review on Optimal Energy Management in Commercial Buildings

Author

Listed:
  • Jahangir Hossain

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka 76100, Malaysia)

  • Aida. F. A. Kadir

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka 76100, Malaysia)

  • Ainain. N. Hanafi

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka 76100, Malaysia)

  • Hussain Shareef

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15258, United Arab Emirates)

  • Tamer Khatib

    (Department of Energy Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus 97300, Palestine)

  • Kyairul. A. Baharin

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka 76100, Malaysia)

  • Mohamad. F. Sulaima

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka 76100, Malaysia)

Abstract

The rising cost and demand for energy have prompted the need to devise innovative methods for energy monitoring, control, and conservation. In addition, statistics show that 20% of energy losses are due to the mismanagement of energy. Therefore, the utilization of energy management can make a substantial contribution to reducing the unnecessary usage of energy consumption. In line with that, the intelligent control and optimization of energy management systems integrated with renewable energy resources and energy storage systems are required to increase building energy efficiency while considering the reduction in the cost of energy bills, dependability of the grid, and mitigating carbon emissions. Even though a variety of optimization and control tactics are being utilized to reduce energy consumption in buildings nowadays, several issues remain unsolved. Therefore, this paper presents a critical review of energy management in commercial buildings and a comparative discussion to improve building energy efficiency using both active and passive solutions, which could lead to net-zero energy buildings. This work also explores different optimum energy management controller objectives and constraints concerning user comfort, energy policy, data privacy, and security. In addition, the review depicts prospective future trends and issues for developing an effective building energy management system, which may play an unavoidable part in fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Jahangir Hossain & Aida. F. A. Kadir & Ainain. N. Hanafi & Hussain Shareef & Tamer Khatib & Kyairul. A. Baharin & Mohamad. F. Sulaima, 2023. "A Review on Optimal Energy Management in Commercial Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-40, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:4:p:1609-:d:1059221
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/1609/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/1609/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rittichai Liemthong & Chitchai Srithapon & Prasanta K. Ghosh & Rongrit Chatthaworn, 2022. "Home Energy Management Strategy-Based Meta-Heuristic Optimization for Electrical Energy Cost Minimization Considering TOU Tariffs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-22, January.
    2. Somu, Nivethitha & M R, Gauthama Raman & Ramamritham, Krithi, 2020. "A hybrid model for building energy consumption forecasting using long short term memory networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    3. Kazmi, Hussain & Suykens, Johan & Balint, Attila & Driesen, Johan, 2019. "Multi-agent reinforcement learning for modeling and control of thermostatically controlled loads," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1022-1035.
    4. Georgopoulou, E. & Sarafidis, Y. & Mirasgedis, S. & Balaras, C.A. & Gaglia, A. & Lalas, D.P., 2006. "Evaluating the need for economic support policies in promoting greenhouse gas emission reduction measures in the building sector: The case of Greece," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(15), pages 2012-2031, October.
    5. Shaikh, Pervez Hameed & Nor, Nursyarizal Bin Mohd & Nallagownden, Perumal & Elamvazuthi, Irraivan & Ibrahim, Taib, 2014. "A review on optimized control systems for building energy and comfort management of smart sustainable buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 409-429.
    6. Sheraz Aslam & Zafar Iqbal & Nadeem Javaid & Zahoor Ali Khan & Khursheed Aurangzeb & Syed Irtaza Haider, 2017. "Towards Efficient Energy Management of Smart Buildings Exploiting Heuristic Optimization with Real Time and Critical Peak Pricing Schemes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-25, December.
    7. Hossain, Md Alamgir & Pota, Hemanshu Roy & Squartini, Stefano & Abdou, Ahmed Fathi, 2019. "Modified PSO algorithm for real-time energy management in grid-connected microgrids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 746-757.
    8. Aktacir, Mehmet Azmi & Büyükalaca, Orhan & YIlmaz, Tuncay, 2006. "Life-cycle cost analysis for constant-air-volume and variable-air-volume air-conditioning systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(6), pages 606-627, June.
    9. Wendy Miller & Glenn Crompton & John Bell, 2015. "Analysis of Cool Roof Coatings for Residential Demand Side Management in Tropical Australia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-16, June.
    10. Burman, Esfand & Mumovic, Dejan & Kimpian, Judit, 2014. "Towards measurement and verification of energy performance under the framework of the European directive for energy performance of buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 153-163.
    11. Tanatvanit, Somporn & Limmeechokchai, Bundit & Shrestha, Ram M., 2004. "CO2 mitigation and power generation implications of clean supply-side and demand-side technologies in Thailand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 83-90, January.
    12. Zhang, Yelin & Zhang, Xingxing & Huang, Pei & Sun, Yongjun, 2020. "Global sensitivity analysis for key parameters identification of net-zero energy buildings for grid interaction optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    13. Altan, Hasim, 2010. "Energy efficiency interventions in UK higher education institutions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(12), pages 7722-7731, December.
    14. Warren, Peter, 2014. "A review of demand-side management policy in the UK," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 941-951.
    15. Rocha, Helder R.O. & Honorato, Icaro H. & Fiorotti, Rodrigo & Celeste, Wanderley C. & Silvestre, Leonardo J. & Silva, Jair A.L., 2021. "An Artificial Intelligence based scheduling algorithm for demand-side energy management in Smart Homes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    16. Tang, Rui & Wang, Shengwei & Li, Hangxin, 2019. "Game theory based interactive demand side management responding to dynamic pricing in price-based demand response of smart grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 118-130.
    17. Razmara, M. & Bharati, G.R. & Hanover, Drew & Shahbakhti, M. & Paudyal, S. & Robinett, R.D., 2017. "Building-to-grid predictive power flow control for demand response and demand flexibility programs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 128-141.
    18. Wei, Wu & Skye, Harrison M., 2021. "Residential net-zero energy buildings: Review and perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    19. Jing, Gang & Cai, Wenjian & Zhang, Xin & Cui, Can & Yin, Xiaohong & Xian, Huacai, 2019. "An energy-saving oriented air balancing strategy for multi-zone demand-controlled ventilation system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1053-1065.
    20. Zhang, Sufang & Jiao, Yiqian & Chen, Wenjun, 2017. "Demand-side management (DSM) in the context of China's on-going power sector reform," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 1-8.
    21. Holger C. Hesse & Rodrigo Martins & Petr Musilek & Maik Naumann & Cong Nam Truong & Andreas Jossen, 2017. "Economic Optimization of Component Sizing for Residential Battery Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-19, June.
    22. Claire Bergaentzlé & Cédric Clastres & Haikel Khalfallah, 2014. "Demand-side management and European environmental and energy goals: an optimal complementary approach," Post-Print halshs-00928678, HAL.
    23. Zhao, B.Y. & Zhao, Z.G. & Li, Y. & Wang, R.Z. & Taylor, R.A., 2019. "An adaptive PID control method to improve the power tracking performance of solar photovoltaic air-conditioning systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    24. Reynolds, Jonathan & Rezgui, Yacine & Kwan, Alan & Piriou, Solène, 2018. "A zone-level, building energy optimisation combining an artificial neural network, a genetic algorithm, and model predictive control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 729-739.
    25. Agathokleous, Rafaela A. & Kalogirou, Soteris A., 2020. "Status, barriers and perspectives of building integrated photovoltaic systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    26. Moyer, Jonathan D. & Hedden, Steve, 2020. "Are we on the right path to achieve the sustainable development goals?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    27. Aman, M.M. & Jasmon, G.B. & Mokhlis, H. & Bakar, A.H.A., 2013. "Analysis of the performance of domestic lighting lamps," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 482-500.
    28. Hannan, M.A. & Lipu, M.S. Hossain & Ker, Pin Jern & Begum, R.A. & Agelidis, Vasilios G. & Blaabjerg, F., 2019. "Power electronics contribution to renewable energy conversion addressing emission reduction: Applications, issues, and recommendations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    29. Sulaima, Mohamad Fani & Dahlan, Nofri Yenita & Yasin, Zuhaila Mat & Rosli, Marlinda Mohd & Omar, Zulkiflee & Hassan, Mohammad Yusri, 2019. "A review of electricity pricing in peninsular Malaysia: Empirical investigation about the appropriateness of Enhanced Time of Use (ETOU) electricity tariff," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 348-367.
    30. Xia, Mingchao & Song, Yuguang & Chen, Qifang, 2019. "Hierarchical control of thermostatically controlled loads oriented smart buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    31. Wang, Yubo & Song, Zhen & De Angelis, Valerio & Srivastava, Sanjeev, 2018. "Battery life-cycle optimization and runtime control for commercial buildings demand side management: A New York City case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 782-791.
    32. Sana Iqbal & Mohammad Sarfraz & Mohammad Ayyub & Mohd Tariq & Ripon K. Chakrabortty & Michael J. Ryan & Basem Alamri, 2021. "A Comprehensive Review on Residential Demand Side Management Strategies in Smart Grid Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1, June.
    33. Monyei, C.G. & Adewumi, A.O., 2017. "Demand Side Management potentials for mitigating energy poverty in South Africa," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 298-311.
    34. Li, Danny H.W. & Cheung, K.L. & Wong, S.L. & Lam, Tony N.T., 2010. "An analysis of energy-efficient light fittings and lighting controls," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 558-567, February.
    35. Rodger Edwards, 2011. "Intelligent Buildings and Building Automation," Construction Management and Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(2), pages 216-217.
    36. Bergaentzlé, Claire & Clastres, Cédric & Khalfallah, Haikel, 2014. "Demand-side management and European environmental and energy goals: An optimal complementary approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 858-869.
    37. Ren, Haoshan & Sun, Yongjun & Albdoor, Ahmed K. & Tyagi, V.V. & Pandey, A.K. & Ma, Zhenjun, 2021. "Improving energy flexibility of a net-zero energy house using a solar-assisted air conditioning system with thermal energy storage and demand-side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    38. Chua, K.J. & Chou, S.K. & Yang, W.M., 2010. "Advances in heat pump systems: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(12), pages 3611-3624, December.
    39. Yong Liang, David I. Levine, and Zuo-Jun (Max) Shen, 2012. "Thermostats for the Smart Grid: Models, Benchmarks, and Insights," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4).
    40. Si, Binghui & Tian, Zhichao & Jin, Xing & Zhou, Xin & Tang, Peng & Shi, Xing, 2016. "Performance indices and evaluation of algorithms in building energy efficient design optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 100-112.
    41. Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar & Speake, Andrew & Harris, Maxwell & Newman, Alexandra & Vincent, Tyrone & Lanahan, Michael, 2019. "A modeling framework for optimization-based control of a residential building thermostat for time-of-use pricing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1346-1357.
    42. Pillai, Dhanup S. & Shabunko, Veronika & Krishna, Amal, 2022. "A comprehensive review on building integrated photovoltaic systems: Emphasis to technological advancements, outdoor testing, and predictive maintenance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    43. Yonghee Ryu & Shinyoung Kwag & Bu‐Seog Ju, 2018. "Fragility Assessments of Multi-Story Piping Systems within a Seismically Isolated Low-Rise Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, October.
    44. Mariaud, Arthur & Acha, Salvador & Ekins-Daukes, Ned & Shah, Nilay & Markides, Christos N., 2017. "Integrated optimisation of photovoltaic and battery storage systems for UK commercial buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 466-478.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jahangir Hossain & Aida. F. A. Kadir & Hussain Shareef & Rampelli Manojkumar & Nagham Saeed & Ainain. N. Hanafi, 2023. "A Grid-Connected Optimal Hybrid PV-BES System Sizing for Malaysian Commercial Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-20, July.
    2. Panagiotis Michailidis & Iakovos Michailidis & Socratis Gkelios & Elias Kosmatopoulos, 2024. "Artificial Neural Network Applications for Energy Management in Buildings: Current Trends and Future Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-47, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Voulis, Nina & van Etten, Max J.J. & Chappin, Émile J.L. & Warnier, Martijn & Brazier, Frances M.T., 2019. "Rethinking European energy taxation to incentivise consumer demand response participation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 156-168.
    2. Haider, Haider Tarish & See, Ong Hang & Elmenreich, Wilfried, 2016. "Residential demand response scheme based on adaptive consumption level pricing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 301-308.
    3. Märkle-Huß, Joscha & Feuerriegel, Stefan & Neumann, Dirk, 2018. "Large-scale demand response and its implications for spot prices, load and policies: Insights from the German-Austrian electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 1290-1298.
    4. Aguilar, J. & Garces-Jimenez, A. & R-Moreno, M.D. & García, Rodrigo, 2021. "A systematic literature review on the use of artificial intelligence in energy self-management in smart buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    5. Tianliang Wang & Xin Jiang & Yang Jin & Dawei Song & Meng Yang & Qingshan Zeng, 2019. "Peaking Compensation Mechanism for Thermal Units and Virtual Peaking Plants Union Promoting Curtailed Wind Power Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-20, August.
    6. Song, Yuguang & Chen, Fangjian & Xia, Mingchao & Chen, Qifang, 2022. "The interactive dispatch strategy for thermostatically controlled loads based on the source–load collaborative evolution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    7. Patteeuw, Dieter & Bruninx, Kenneth & Arteconi, Alessia & Delarue, Erik & D’haeseleer, William & Helsen, Lieve, 2015. "Integrated modeling of active demand response with electric heating systems coupled to thermal energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 306-319.
    8. Kathirgamanathan, Anjukan & De Rosa, Mattia & Mangina, Eleni & Finn, Donal P., 2021. "Data-driven predictive control for unlocking building energy flexibility: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    9. Haider, Haider Tarish & See, Ong Hang & Elmenreich, Wilfried, 2016. "A review of residential demand response of smart grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 166-178.
    10. Alasseri, Rajeev & Tripathi, Ashish & Joji Rao, T. & Sreekanth, K.J., 2017. "A review on implementation strategies for demand side management (DSM) in Kuwait through incentive-based demand response programs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 617-635.
    11. Ali, Muhammad Rizwan & Shafiq, Muhammad, 2021. "Revealing expert perspectives on challenges to electricity Demand-Side Management in Pakistan: An application of Q-Methodology," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    12. Daiva Stanelyte & Neringa Radziukyniene & Virginijus Radziukynas, 2022. "Overview of Demand-Response Services: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-31, February.
    13. Zhou, Kaile & Yang, Shanlin, 2015. "Demand side management in China: The context of China’s power industry reform," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 954-965.
    14. Kanakadhurga, Dharmaraj & Prabaharan, Natarajan, 2022. "Demand side management in microgrid: A critical review of key issues and recent trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    15. Reynolds, Jonathan & Ahmad, Muhammad Waseem & Rezgui, Yacine & Hippolyte, Jean-Laurent, 2019. "Operational supply and demand optimisation of a multi-vector district energy system using artificial neural networks and a genetic algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 699-713.
    16. McPherson, Madeleine & Stoll, Brady, 2020. "Demand response for variable renewable energy integration: A proposed approach and its impacts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    17. Castaneda, Monica & Jimenez, Maritza & Zapata, Sebastian & Franco, Carlos J. & Dyner, Isaac, 2017. "Myths and facts of the utility death spiral," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 105-116.
    18. Chitnis, Dipti & Thejo kalyani, N. & Swart, H.C. & Dhoble, S.J., 2016. "Escalating opportunities in the field of lighting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 727-748.
    19. Beuse, Martin & Dirksmeier, Mathias & Steffen, Bjarne & Schmidt, Tobias S., 2020. "Profitability of commercial and industrial photovoltaics and battery projects in South-East-Asia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    20. Wang, Bo & Deng, Nana & Li, Haoxiang & Zhao, Wenhui & Liu, Jie & Wang, Zhaohua, 2021. "Effect and mechanism of monetary incentives and moral suasion on residential peak-hour electricity usage," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:4:p:1609-:d:1059221. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.