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Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG

Author

Listed:
  • Jorgen Depken

    (Institute for Maritime Energy Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 21502 Geesthacht, Germany)

  • Alexander Dyck

    (Institute of Networked Energy Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Lukas Roß

    (Institute for Maritime Energy Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 21502 Geesthacht, Germany)

  • Sören Ehlers

    (Institute for Maritime Energy Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 21502 Geesthacht, Germany)

Abstract

Shipping accounts for about 3% of global CO 2 emissions. In order to achieve the target set by the Paris Agreement, IMO introduced their GHG strategy. This strategy envisages 50% emission reduction from international shipping by 2050, compared with 2008. This target cannot be fulfilled if conventional fuels are used. Amongst others, hydrogen is considered to be one of the strong candidates as a zero-emissions fuel. Yet, concerns around the safety of its storage and usage have been formulated and need to be addressed. “Safety”, in this article, is defined as the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This article aims to propose a new way of comparing two systems with regard to their safety. Since safety cannot be directly measured, fuzzy set theory is used to compare linguistic terms such as “safer”. This method is proposed to be used during the alternative design approach. This approach is necessary for deviations from IMO rules, for example, when hydrogen should be used in shipping. Additionally, the properties of hydrogen that can pose a hazard, such as its wide flammability range, are identified.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorgen Depken & Alexander Dyck & Lukas Roß & Sören Ehlers, 2022. "Safety Considerations of Hydrogen Application in Shipping in Comparison to LNG," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3250-:d:804992
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michail Cheliotis & Evangelos Boulougouris & Nikoletta L Trivyza & Gerasimos Theotokatos & George Livanos & George Mantalos & Athanasios Stubos & Emmanuel Stamatakis & Alexandros Venetsanos, 2021. "Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, May.
    2. McGuinness, Edgar & Utne, Ingrid B., 2014. "A systems engineering approach to implementation of safety management systems in the Norwegian fishing fleet," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 221-239.
    3. Muhammad Aziz, 2021. "Liquid Hydrogen: A Review on Liquefaction, Storage, Transportation, and Safety," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-29, September.
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