IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i14p5082-d861077.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cluster Analysis of the EU-27 Countries in Light of the Guiding Principles of the European Green Deal, with Particular Emphasis on Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Aurelia Rybak

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Aleksandra Rybak

    (Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Jarosław Joostberens

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Spas D. Kolev

    (School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia)

Abstract

The article presents a cluster analysis of the EU-27 countries. The clusters were built to identify groups of countries similar to each other in relation to the set of Eurostat indicators from the Climate Change Drivers and Environment and Energy sections. During the research, tools of spatial information systems were used, such as cluster analysis, diagram maps, rasterization and the TSA method. ARIMA prediction models were also used. The research aims to verify our hypotheses. Particular attention was paid to Poland; therefore, it was verified whether the composition of the country’s energy mix translated into excessive emissions of pollutants in relation to other EU countries. Furthermore, the level of integration of energy markets in the European Union and its changes over time were examined. The authors also proposed a methodology to create detailed energy and climate strategies for designated clusters. The results of the presented research are particularly important in light of recent events in Ukraine.

Suggested Citation

  • Aurelia Rybak & Aleksandra Rybak & Jarosław Joostberens & Spas D. Kolev, 2022. "Cluster Analysis of the EU-27 Countries in Light of the Guiding Principles of the European Green Deal, with Particular Emphasis on Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:5082-:d:861077
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/5082/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/5082/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kirsten Zickfeld & Deven Azevedo & Sabine Mathesius & H. Damon Matthews, 2021. "Asymmetry in the climate–carbon cycle response to positive and negative CO2 emissions," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 11(7), pages 613-617, July.
    2. Almorox, J. & Benito, M. & Hontoria, C., 2005. "Estimation of monthly Angström–Prescott equation coefficients from measured daily data in Toledo, Spain," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 931-936.
    3. Hee Jeong Yun & Dong Jin Kang & Dong-Kap Kim & Youngeun Kang, 2019. "A GIS-Assisted Assessment and Attribute-Based Clustering of Forest Wetland Utility in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Safi, S. & Zeroual, A. & Hassani, M., 2002. "Prediction of global daily solar radiation using higher order statistics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 647-666.
    5. Anna Bluszcz, 2017. "European economies in terms of energy dependence," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 1531-1548, July.
    6. Kavouridis, K. & Koukouzas, N., 2008. "Coal and sustainable energy supply challenges and barriers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 693-703, February.
    7. Grégory Claeys & Simone Tagliapietra & Georg Zachmann, 2019. "How to make the European Green Deal work," Policy Contributions 33125, Bruegel.
    8. Aurelia Rybak & Jarosław Joostberens & Anna Manowska & Joachim Pielot, 2022. "The Impact of Environmental Taxes on the Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Poland and Sweden," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-15, June.
    9. Aleksander Frejowski & Jan Bondaruk & Adam Duda, 2021. "Challenges and Opportunities for End-of-Life Coal Mine Sites: Black-to-Green Energy Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, March.
    10. Joeri Rogelj & Alexander Popp & Katherine V. Calvin & Gunnar Luderer & Johannes Emmerling & David Gernaat & Shinichiro Fujimori & Jessica Strefler & Tomoko Hasegawa & Giacomo Marangoni & Volker Krey &, 2018. "Scenarios towards limiting global mean temperature increase below 1.5 °C," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 8(4), pages 325-332, April.
    11. Aurelia Rybak & Aleksandra Rybak, 2021. "Methods of Ensuring Energy Security with the Use of Hard Coal—The Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-25, September.
    12. Robert Thorndike, 1953. "Who belongs in the family?," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 18(4), pages 267-276, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anna Marciniuk-Kluska & Mariusz Kluska, 2023. "Forecasting Energy Recovery from Municipal Waste in a Closed-Loop Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Marcin Bukowski & Janusz Majewski & Agnieszka Sobolewska, 2023. "The Environmental Impact of Changes in the Structure of Electricity Sources in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-22, January.
    3. Christian Barika Igbeghe & Tamás Mizik & Zoltán Gabnai & Attila Bai, 2023. "Trends and Characterization of Primary Energy Sources by Energy and Food Prices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aurelia Rybak & Aleksandra Rybak & Spas D. Kolev, 2021. "Analysis of the EU-27 Countries Energy Markets Integration in Terms of the Sustainable Development SDG7 Implementation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Selene Cobo & Ángel Galán-Martín & Victor Tulus & Mark A. J. Huijbregts & Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez, 2022. "Human and planetary health implications of negative emissions technologies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Makade, Rahul G. & Chakrabarti, Siddharth & Jamil, Basharat & Sakhale, C.N., 2020. "Estimation of global solar radiation for the tropical wet climatic region of India: A theory of experimentation approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2044-2059.
    4. Becken, Susanne & Stantic, Bela & Chen, Jinyan & Connolly, Rod M., 2022. "Twitter conversations reveal issue salience of aviation in the broader context of climate change," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    5. Aurelia Rybak & Aleksandra Rybak, 2021. "Methods of Ensuring Energy Security with the Use of Hard Coal—The Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-25, September.
    6. Archana R. Panhalkar & Dharmpal D. Doye, 2020. "An approach of improving decision tree classifier using condensed informative data," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 47(4), pages 431-445, December.
    7. Michele Cincera, 2005. "Firms' productivity growth and R&D spillovers: An analysis of alternative technological proximity measures," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(8), pages 657-682.
    8. Kate Dooley & Ellycia Harrould‐Kolieb & Anita Talberg, 2021. "Carbon‐dioxide Removal and Biodiversity: A Threat Identification Framework," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 12(S1), pages 34-44, April.
    9. Mario Pianta & Matteo Lucchese, 2020. "Rethinking the European Green Deal," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 52(4), pages 633-641, December.
    10. Horstmann, Felix, 2017. "Measuring the shopper's attitude toward the point of sale display: Scale development and validation," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 112-123.
    11. Aurelia Rybak & Aleksandra Rybak & Spas D. Kolev, 2023. "Modeling the Photovoltaic Power Generation in Poland in the Light of PEP2040: An Application of Multiple Regression," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-17, November.
    12. Elke Stehfest & Willem-Jan Zeist & Hugo Valin & Petr Havlik & Alexander Popp & Page Kyle & Andrzej Tabeau & Daniel Mason-D’Croz & Tomoko Hasegawa & Benjamin L. Bodirsky & Katherine Calvin & Jonathan C, 2019. "Key determinants of global land-use projections," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
    13. Anna Manowska & Andrzej Nowrot, 2019. "The Importance of Heat Emission Caused by Global Energy Production in Terms of Climate Impact," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-12, August.
    14. Elizaveta Zinovyeva & Raphael C. G. Reule & Wolfgang Karl Hardle, 2021. "Understanding Smart Contracts: Hype or Hope?," Papers 2103.08447, arXiv.org.
    15. Chepeliev, Maksym & Diachuk, Oleksandr & Podolets, Roman & Trypolska, Galyna, 2021. "The role of bioenergy in Ukraine's climate mitigation policy by 2050," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    16. Kateryna Redko & Olena Borychenko & Anatolii Cherniavskyi & Volodymyr Saienko & Serhii Dudnikov, 2023. "Comparative Analysis of Innovative Development Strategies of Fuel and Energy Complex of Ukraine and the EU Countries: International Experience," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 301-308, March.
    17. Jonek-Kowalska, Izabela & Nawrocki, Tomasz L., 2019. "Holistic fuzzy evaluation of operational risk in polish mining enterprises in a long-term and sectoral research perspective," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-1.
    18. Ángel Galán-Martín & Daniel Vázquez & Selene Cobo & Niall Dowell & José Antonio Caballero & Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez, 2021. "Delaying carbon dioxide removal in the European Union puts climate targets at risk," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    19. Müller-Hansen, Finn & Lee, Yuan Ting & Callaghan, Max & Jankin, Slava & Minx, Jan C., 2022. "The German coal debate on Twitter: Reactions to a corporate policy process," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    20. Marc Bascompta & Lluís Sanmiquel & Carla Vintró & Mohammad Yousefian, 2022. "Corporate Social Responsibility Index for Mine Sites," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-24, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:5082-:d:861077. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.