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Electric Mobility in Portugal: Current Situation and Forecasts for Fuel Cell Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Guido Ala

    (Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Ilhami Colak

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, 34406 Istanbul, Turkey)

  • Gabriella Di Filippo

    (Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Rosario Miceli

    (Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Pietro Romano

    (Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Carla Silva

    (Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1250-096 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Stanimir Valtchev

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, CTS UNINOVA, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal)

  • Fabio Viola

    (Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

Abstract

In recent years, the growing concern for air quality has led to the development of sustainable vehicles to replace conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Currently, the most widespread technology in Europe and Portugal is that of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) or plug-in HEV (PHEV) electric cars, but hydrogen-based transport has also shown significant growth in the commercialization of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) and in the development of new infrastructural schemes. In the current panorama of EV, particular attention should be paid to hydrogen technology, i.e., FCEVs, which is potentially a valid alternative to BEVs and can also be hybrid (FCHEV) and plug-in hybrid (FCPHEV). Several sources cited show a positive trend of hydrogen in the transport sector, identifying a growing trend in the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure, although at this time, it is still at an early stage of development. At the moment, the cost of building the infrastructure is still high, but on the basis of medium/long-term scenarios it is clear that investments in hydrogen refueling stations will be profitable if the number of Fuel Cell vehicles increases. Conversely, the Fuel Cell vehicle market is hampered if there is no adequate infrastructure for hydrogen development. The opportunity to use Fuel Cells to store electrical energy is quite fascinating and bypasses some obstacles encountered with BEVs. The advantages are clear, since the charging times are reduced, compared to charging from an electric charging post, and the long-distance voyage is made easier, as the autonomy is much larger, i.e., the psycho-sociological anxiety is avoided. Therefore, the first part of the paper provides an overview of the current state of electric mobility in Portugal and the strategies adopted by the country. This is necessary to have a clear vision of how a new technology is accepted by the population and develops on the territory, that is the propensity of citizens to technological change. Subsequently, using current data on EV development and comparing information from recent years, this work aims to investigate the future prospects of FCEVs in Portugal by adopting a dynamic model called SERA (Scenario Evaluation and Regionalization Analysis), with which it is possible to identify the Portuguese districts and cities where an FC charging infrastructure is expected to be most beneficial. From the results obtained, the districts of Lisbon, Porto and Aveiro seem to be the most interested in adopting FC technology. This analysis aims to ensure a measured view of the credible development of this market segment.

Suggested Citation

  • Guido Ala & Ilhami Colak & Gabriella Di Filippo & Rosario Miceli & Pietro Romano & Carla Silva & Stanimir Valtchev & Fabio Viola, 2021. "Electric Mobility in Portugal: Current Situation and Forecasts for Fuel Cell Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-23, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:7945-:d:689259
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Alessandro Busacca & Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso & Rosario Miceli & Claudio Nevoloso & Giuseppe Schettino & Gioacchino Scaglione & Fabio Viola & Ilhami Colak, 2022. "Switching Frequency Effects on the Efficiency and Harmonic Distortion in a Three-Phase Five-Level CHBMI Prototype with Multicarrier PWM Schemes: Experimental Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-29, January.
    2. José A. Ventura, 2023. "Climate Benefits Advocated by the Development of Sustainable Vehicles and Charging Infrastructures in the Transport Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-5, April.
    3. Lei Jin & Shaohua Wang & Jiachao Guo & Haopeng Li & Xiaoliang Tian, 2023. "Performance Study of Gravity-Type Heat Pipe Applied to Fuel Cell Heat Dissipation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, January.
    4. Maksymilian Mądziel & Artur Jaworski & Hubert Kuszewski & Paweł Woś & Tiziana Campisi & Krzysztof Lew, 2021. "The Development of CO 2 Instantaneous Emission Model of Full Hybrid Vehicle with the Use of Machine Learning Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Federica Leone & Ala Hasan & Francesco Reda & Hassam ur Rehman & Fausto Carmelo Nigrelli & Francesco Nocera & Vincenzo Costanzo, 2023. "Supporting Cities towards Carbon Neutral Transition through Territorial Acupuncture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-31, February.
    6. Anton Manakhov & Maxim Orlov & Mustafa Babiker & Abdulaziz S. Al-Qasim, 2022. "A Perspective on Decarbonizing Mobility: An All-Electrification vs. an All-Hydrogenization Venue," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-13, July.

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