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Torrefaction and Thermochemical Properties of Agriculture Residues

Author

Listed:
  • Javaid Akhtar

    (Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Imran

    (Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) Technology and Innovation Center, Riyadh 11551, Saudi Arabia)

  • Arshid Mahmood Ali

    (Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Zeeshan Nawaz

    (Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) Technology and Innovation Center, Riyadh 11551, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ayyaz Muhammad

    (Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Rehan Khalid Butt

    (Institute of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Maria Shahid Jillani

    (Institute of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Hafiz Amir Naeem

    (Institute of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

Abstract

In this study, the densification of three agriculture waste biomasses (corn cobs, cotton stalks, and sunflower) is investigated using the torrefaction technique. The samples were pyrolyzed under mild temperature conditions (200–320 °C) and at different residence times (10 min–60 min). The thermal properties of the obtained bio-char samples were analyzed via thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Compositional analysis of the torrefied samples was also carried out to determine the presence of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents. According to the results of this study, optimum temperature conditions were found to be 260 °C–300 °C along with a residence time of 20 min–30 min. Based on the composition analysis, it was found that biochar contains more lignin and celluloses and lower hemicellulose contents than do the original samples. The removal of volatile hemicelluloses broke the interlocking of biomass building blocks, rendering biochar brittle, grindable, and less reactive. The results of this study would be helpful in bettering our understanding of the conversion of agricultural waste residues into valuable, solid biofuels for use in energy recovery schemes. The optimum temperature condition, residence time, and GCV for torrefied corn cobs were found to be 290 °C, 20 min, and 5444 kcal/kg, respectively. The optimum temperature condition, residence time, and GCV for torrefied cotton balls were found to be 270 °C, 30 min, and 4481 Kcal/kg, respectively. In the case of sunflower samples, the mass yield of the torrefied sample decreased from 85% to 71% by increasing the residence time from 10 min to 60 min, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Javaid Akhtar & Muhammad Imran & Arshid Mahmood Ali & Zeeshan Nawaz & Ayyaz Muhammad & Rehan Khalid Butt & Maria Shahid Jillani & Hafiz Amir Naeem, 2021. "Torrefaction and Thermochemical Properties of Agriculture Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:14:p:4218-:d:593291
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Samadi, Seyed Hashem & Ghobadian, Barat & Nosrati, Mohsen, 2020. "Prediction and estimation of biomass energy from agricultural residues using air gasification technology in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1077-1091.
    2. Cassie Marie Welker & Vimal Kumar Balasubramanian & Carloalberto Petti & Krishan Mohan Rai & Seth DeBolt & Venugopal Mendu, 2015. "Engineering Plant Biomass Lignin Content and Composition for Biofuels and Bioproducts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-23, July.
    3. Margareta Novian Cahyanti & Tharaka Rama Krishna C. Doddapaneni & Marten Madissoo & Linnar Pärn & Indrek Virro & Timo Kikas, 2021. "Torrefaction of Agricultural and Wood Waste: Comparative Analysis of Selected Fuel Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    4. Jeeban Poudel & Sujeeta Karki & Sea Cheon Oh, 2018. "Valorization of Waste Wood as a Solid Fuel by Torrefaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-10, June.
    5. Suzan Abdelhady & Mohamed A. Shalaby & Ahmed Shaban, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis for the Optimal Design of a National Network of Agro-Energy Biomass Power Plants in Egypt," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-26, May.
    6. Marcin Bajcar & Grzegorz Zaguła & Bogdan Saletnik & Maria Tarapatskyy & Czesław Puchalski, 2018. "Relationship between Torrefaction Parameters and Physicochemical Properties of Torrefied Products Obtained from Selected Plant Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-13, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Esin Apaydın Varol & Ülker Mutlu, 2023. "TGA-FTIR Analysis of Biomass Samples Based on the Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-19, April.
    2. Joseph I. Orisaleye & Simeon O. Jekayinfa & Ralf Pecenka & Adebayo A. Ogundare & Michael O. Akinseloyin & Opeyemi L. Fadipe, 2022. "Investigation of the Effects of Torrefaction Temperature and Residence Time on the Fuel Quality of Corncobs in a Fixed-Bed Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-16, July.

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