IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i9p3674-d1132212.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

TGA-FTIR Analysis of Biomass Samples Based on the Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin

Author

Listed:
  • Esin Apaydın Varol

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey)

  • Ülker Mutlu

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey)

Abstract

The slow pyrolysis characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass and its three major components via a Thermogravimetric Analyzer coupled with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (TGA-FTIR) was studied. Different compositions and ratios of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, olive pomace, sunflower waste, and pinecone were selected. The main decomposition temperature ranges of xylose (hemicellulose) and lignin showed a broad range between 173–690 and 170–835 °C, respectively, whereas that of cellulose was detected to be 291–395 °C. All biomass samples presented a three-stage pyrolysis model that is explained by the superposition of the weight losses of major components. Simultaneous FTIR analysis of the evolved gases demonstrated that the greater the cellulose and hemicellulose contents, the higher the CO and CO 2 concentrations. Chemical kinetics were computed with the Coats–Redfern model. The activation energy required for the initiation of the thermal decomposition of biomass samples is in the range of 53–94 kJ/mol. Moreover, the product yields of all samples were determined via laboratory-scale pyrolysis. Pyrolytic oil and char yields were determined to be between 18.9–32.4 wt.% and 26.6–31.2 wt.%, respectively, at 550 °C final temperature for the biomass samples. It is concluded that the bio-oil yield was not only controlled by the cellulose content but also affected by the presence of n-hexane soluble (oil) fraction as well as inorganics.

Suggested Citation

  • Esin Apaydın Varol & Ülker Mutlu, 2023. "TGA-FTIR Analysis of Biomass Samples Based on the Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3674-:d:1132212
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3674/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3674/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Radoslaw Slezak & Hilal Unyay & Szymon Szufa & Stanislaw Ledakowicz, 2023. "An Extensive Review and Comparison of Modern Biomass Reactors Torrefaction vs. Biomass Pyrolizers—Part 2," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-25, February.
    2. Gao, Zixiang & Li, Ning & Yin, Siyuan & Yi, Weiming, 2019. "Pyrolysis behavior of cellulose in a fixed bed reactor: Residue evolution and effects of parameters on products distribution and bio-oil composition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1067-1074.
    3. Klinger, Jordan L. & Westover, Tyler L. & Emerson, Rachel M. & Williams, C. Luke & Hernandez, Sergio & Monson, Glen D. & Ryan, J. Chadron, 2018. "Effect of biomass type, heating rate, and sample size on microwave-enhanced fast pyrolysis product yields and qualities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 535-545.
    4. Florinda Martins & Carlos Felgueiras & Miroslava Smitkova & Nídia Caetano, 2019. "Analysis of Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption and Environmental Impacts in European Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-11, March.
    5. Eric N. Coker & Xavier Lujan-Flores & Burl Donaldson & Nadir Yilmaz & Alpaslan Atmanli, 2023. "An Assessment of the Conversion of Biomass and Industrial Waste Products to Activated Carbon," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-14, February.
    6. Javaid Akhtar & Muhammad Imran & Arshid Mahmood Ali & Zeeshan Nawaz & Ayyaz Muhammad & Rehan Khalid Butt & Maria Shahid Jillani & Hafiz Amir Naeem, 2021. "Torrefaction and Thermochemical Properties of Agriculture Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-13, July.
    7. Gani, Asri & Naruse, Ichiro, 2007. "Effect of cellulose and lignin content on pyrolysis and combustion characteristics for several types of biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 649-661.
    8. José Juan Alvarado Flores & Jorge Víctor Alcaraz Vera & María Liliana Ávalos Rodríguez & Luis Bernardo López Sosa & José Guadalupe Rutiaga Quiñones & Luís Fernando Pintor Ibarra & Francisco Márquez Mo, 2022. "Analysis of Pyrolysis Kinetic Parameters Based on Various Mathematical Models for More than Twenty Different Biomasses: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Cai, Junmeng & He, Yifeng & Yu, Xi & Banks, Scott W. & Yang, Yang & Zhang, Xingguang & Yu, Yang & Liu, Ronghou & Bridgwater, Anthony V., 2017. "Review of physicochemical properties and analytical characterization of lignocellulosic biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 309-322.
    10. Sinsel, Simon R. & Riemke, Rhea L. & Hoffmann, Volker H., 2020. "Challenges and solution technologies for the integration of variable renewable energy sources—a review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 2271-2285.
    11. Mishra, Ranjeet Kumar & Mohanty, Kaustubha, 2019. "Pyrolysis of three waste biomass: Effect of biomass bed thickness and distance between successive beds on pyrolytic products yield and properties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 549-558.
    12. Bartłomiej Igliński & Wojciech Kujawski & Urszula Kiełkowska, 2023. "Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass: Technical and Process Achievements, and Future Development—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-26, February.
    13. Escalante, Jamin & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Hoang, Anh Tuan & Kwon, Eilhann E. & Andrew Lin, Kun-Yi & Saravanakumar, Ayyadurai, 2022. "Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic, algal, plastic, and other biomass wastes for biofuel production and circular bioeconomy: A review of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nanduri, Arvind & Kulkarni, Shreesh S. & Mills, Patrick L., 2021. "Experimental techniques to gain mechanistic insight into fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    2. Zapata, Sebastian & Castaneda, Monica & Aristizabal, Andres J. & Dyner, Isaac, 2022. "Renewables for supporting supply adequacy in Colombia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    3. Wang, Mingtao & Zhang, Juan & Liu, Huanwei, 2022. "Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of two low-grade energy driven transcritical CO2 combined cooling, heating and power systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    4. Yang, Yantao & Qu, Xia & Huang, Guorun & Ren, Suxia & Dong, Lili & Sun, Tanglei & Liu, Peng & Li, Yanling & Lei, Tingzhou & Cai, Junmeng, 2023. "Insight into lignocellulosic biomass torrefaction kinetics with case study of pinewood sawdust torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    5. Jānis Krūmiņš & Māris Kļaviņš, 2023. "Investigating the Potential of Nuclear Energy in Achieving a Carbon-Free Energy Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-31, April.
    6. Bruno Cárdenas & Lawrie Swinfen-Styles & James Rouse & Seamus D. Garvey, 2021. "Short-, Medium-, and Long-Duration Energy Storage in a 100% Renewable Electricity Grid: A UK Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-28, December.
    7. Cheng Li & Xiaochen Yue & Jun Yang & Yafeng Yang & Haiping Gu & Wanxi Peng, 2019. "Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Wood Waste for Bio-Energy Recovery Using Nano-Catalysts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-12, October.
    8. Katarzyna Chudy-Laskowska & Tomasz Pisula, 2022. "An Analysis of the Use of Energy from Conventional Fossil Fuels and Green Renewable Energy in the Context of the European Union’s Planned Energy Transformation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-23, October.
    9. Tariq Ullah & Krzysztof Sobczak & Grzegorz Liśkiewicz & Amjid Khan, 2022. "Two-Dimensional URANS Numerical Investigation of Critical Parameters on a Pitch Oscillating VAWT Airfoil under Dynamic Stall," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, August.
    10. Soria-Verdugo, Antonio & Rubio-Rubio, Mariano & Goos, Elke & Riedel, Uwe, 2020. "On the characteristic heating and pyrolysis time of thermally small biomass particles in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 312-322.
    11. Zhao, Qin & Zhang, Houcheng & Hu, Ziyang & Hou, Shujin, 2021. "Performance evaluation of a new hybrid system consisting of a photovoltaic module and an absorption heat transformer for electricity production and heat upgrading," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    12. Julien Walzberg & Annika Eberle, 2023. "Modeling Systems’ Disruption and Social Acceptance—A Proof-of-Concept Leveraging Reinforcement Learning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-13, June.
    13. Shah Rukh Abbas & Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi & Muhammad Naqvi & Adeel Javed & Salman Raza Naqvi & Kafait Ullah & Tauseef-ur-Rehman Khan & Dong Ryeol Shin, 2020. "Impact Analysis of Large-Scale Wind Farms Integration in Weak Transmission Grid from Technical Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-32, October.
    14. Abadie, Luis Mª & Chamorro, José M., 2023. "Investment in wind-based hydrogen production under economic and physical uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    15. Yinhe Bu & Xingping Zhang, 2021. "On the Way to Integrate Increasing Shares of Variable Renewables in China: Experience from Flexibility Modification and Deep Peak Regulation Ancillary Service Market Based on MILP-UC Programming," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-22, February.
    16. Hu, Hangli & Luo, Yanru & Zou, Jianfeng & Zhang, Shukai & Yellezuome, Dominic & Rahman, Md Maksudur & Li, Yingkai & Li, Chong & Cai, Junmeng, 2022. "Exploring aging kinetic mechanisms of bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis based on change in carbonyl content," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 782-790.
    17. Yang, Huayu & Zhang, Yuhao & Gao, Wenhua & Yan, Bowen & Zhao, Jianxin & Zhang, Hao & Chen, Wei & Fan, Daming, 2021. "Steam replacement strategy using microwave resonance: A future system for continuous-flow heating applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    18. Shahbeig, Hossein & Nosrati, Mohsen, 2020. "Pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge for bioenergy production: Thermo-kinetic studies, evolved gas analysis, and techno-socio-economic assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    19. Yoonah Jeong & Jae-Sung Kim & Ye-Eun Lee & Dong-Chul Shin & Kwang-Ho Ahn & Jinhong Jung & Kyeong-Ho Kim & Min-Jong Ku & Seung-Mo Kim & Chung-Hwan Jeon & I-Tae Kim, 2023. "Investigation and Optimization of Co-Combustion Efficiency of Food Waste Biochar and Coal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-12, October.
    20. Xiao He & Anthony K. Lau & Shahab Sokhansanj, 2019. "Effect of Moisture on Gas Emissions from Stored Woody Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3674-:d:1132212. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.