IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i21p5688-d437867.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Review of Battery Equalizer Circuits for Electric Vehicle Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Adyr A. Estévez-Bén

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Miguel-Angel Martínez-Prado

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Suresh Thenozhi

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are an alternative to internal combustion engine (ICE) cars, as they can reduce the environmental impact of transportation. The bottleneck for EVs is the high-voltage battery pack, which utilizes most of the space and increases the weight of the vehicle. Currently, the main challenge for the electronics industry is the cell equalization of the battery pack. This paper gives an overview of the research works related to battery equalizer circuits (BECs) used in EV applications. Several simulations were carried out for the main BEC topologies with the same initial conditions. The results obtained were used to perform a quantitative analysis between these schemes. Moreover, this review highlights important issues, challenges, variables and parameters associated with the battery pack equalizers and provides recommendations for future investigations. We think that this work will lead to an increase in efforts on the development of an advanced BEC for EV applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas & Adyr A. Estévez-Bén & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz & Miguel-Angel Martínez-Prado & Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano & Suresh Thenozhi, 2020. "A Review of Battery Equalizer Circuits for Electric Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-29, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5688-:d:437867
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/21/5688/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/21/5688/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chusheng Lu & Longyun Kang & Xuan Luo & Jinqing Linghu & Hongye Lin, 2019. "A Novel Lithium Battery Equalization Circuit with Any Number of Inductors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Diao, Weiping & Xue, Nan & Bhattacharjee, Vikram & Jiang, Jiuchun & Karabasoglu, Orkun & Pecht, Michael, 2018. "Active battery cell equalization based on residual available energy maximization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 690-698.
    3. Adyr A. Estévez-Bén & Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz, 2020. "Transformerless Multilevel Voltage-Source Inverter Topology Comparative Study for PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-26, June.
    4. Yunlong Shang & Qi Zhang & Naxin Cui & Chenghui Zhang, 2017. "A Cell-to-Cell Equalizer Based on Three-Resonant-State Switched-Capacitor Converters for Series-Connected Battery Strings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-15, February.
    5. Hoque, M.M. & Hannan, M.A. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Battery charge equalization controller in electric vehicle applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1363-1385.
    6. Zhang, Shumei & Qiang, Jiaxi & Yang, Lin & Zhao, Xiaowei, 2016. "Prior-knowledge-independent equalization to improve battery uniformity with energy efficiency and time efficiency for lithium-ion battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 1-12.
    7. Solaymani, Saeed, 2019. "CO2 emissions patterns in 7 top carbon emitter economies: The case of transport sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 989-1001.
    8. Tie, Siang Fui & Tan, Chee Wei, 2013. "A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 82-102.
    9. Santos, Georgina, 2017. "Road transport and CO2 emissions: What are the challenges?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 71-74.
    10. Mohamed Daowd & Mailier Antoine & Noshin Omar & Peter Van den Bossche & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2013. "Single Switched Capacitor Battery Balancing System Enhancements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-26, April.
    11. Ruifeng Zhang & Bizhong Xia & Baohua Li & Libo Cao & Yongzhi Lai & Weiwei Zheng & Huawen Wang & Wei Wang, 2018. "State of the Art of Lithium-Ion Battery SOC Estimation for Electrical Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-36, July.
    12. Jenn, Alan & Springel, Katalin & Gopal, Anand R., 2018. "Effectiveness of electric vehicle incentives in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 349-356.
    13. Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas & Héctor López & Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz & Nimrod Vázquez & Gilberto Herrera-Ruiz, 2019. "A Novel Integrated Topology to Interface Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energies with the Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Vitor Monteiro & Joao L. Afonso, 2022. "Power Electronics Technologies and Applicationsfor EV Battery Charging Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-4, January.
    2. João P. D. Miranda & Luis A. M. Barros & José Gabriel Pinto, 2023. "A Review on Power Electronic Converters for Modular BMS with Active Balancing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Pampa Sinha & Kaushik Paul & Sanchari Deb & Sulabh Sachan, 2023. "Comprehensive Review Based on the Impact of Integrating Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Sources to the Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-39, March.
    4. Said Bentouba & Nadjet Zioui & Peter Breuhaus & Mahmoud Bourouis, 2023. "Overview of the Potential of Energy Harvesting Sources in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-22, July.
    5. Darwin-Alexander Angamarca-Avendaño & Jonnathan-Francisco Saquicela-Moncayo & Byron-Humberto Capa-Carrillo & Juan-Carlos Cobos-Torres, 2023. "Charge Equalization System for an Electric Vehicle with a Solar Panel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-18, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas & Adyr A. Estévez-Bén & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz & Miguel-Angel Martínez-Prado & Jorge D. Mendiola-Santíbañez, 2020. "A Novel RC-Based Architecture for Cell Equalization in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Turksoy, Arzu & Teke, Ahmet & Alkaya, Alkan, 2020. "A comprehensive overview of the dc-dc converter-based battery charge balancing methods in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    3. Chien-Liang Chiu & I-Fan Hsiao & Lily Chang, 2023. "Overviewing Global Surface Temperature Changes Regarding CO 2 Emission, Population Density, and Energy Consumption in the Industry: Policy Suggestions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Hasan Huseyin Coban & Wojciech Lewicki & Ewelina Sendek-Matysiak & Zbigniew Łosiewicz & Wojciech Drożdż & Radosław Miśkiewicz, 2022. "Electric Vehicles and Vehicle–Grid Interaction in the Turkish Electricity System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-19, November.
    5. Shixin Song & Feng Xiao & Silun Peng & Chuanxue Song & Yulong Shao, 2018. "A High-Efficiency Bidirectional Active Balance for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs Based on Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    6. João P. D. Miranda & Luis A. M. Barros & José Gabriel Pinto, 2023. "A Review on Power Electronic Converters for Modular BMS with Active Balancing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-20, April.
    7. Wang, Hanjie & Yu, Xiaohua, 2023. "Carbon dioxide emission typology and policy implications: Evidence from machine learning," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    8. Xintian Liu & Zhihao Wan & Yao He & Xinxin Zheng & Guojian Zeng & Jiangfeng Zhang, 2018. "A Unified Control Strategy for Inductor-Based Active Battery Equalisation Schemes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, February.
    9. Chein-Chung Sun & Chun-Hung Chou & Yu-Liang Lin & Yu-Hua Huang, 2022. "A Cost-Effective Passive/Active Hybrid Equalizer Circuit Design," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.
    10. Li, Penghua & Liu, Jianfei & Deng, Zhongwei & Yang, Yalian & Lin, Xianke & Couture, Jonathan & Hu, Xiaosong, 2022. "Increasing energy utilization of battery energy storage via active multivariable fusion-driven balancing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    11. Md. Sazal Miah & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & Sheikh Tanzim Meraj & Kamrul Hasan & Shaheer Ansari & Taskin Jamal & Hasan Masrur & Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & Aini Hussain, 2021. "Optimized Energy Management Schemes for Electric Vehicle Applications: A Bibliometric Analysis towards Future Trends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-38, November.
    12. Hoque, M.M. & Hannan, M.A. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Battery charge equalization controller in electric vehicle applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1363-1385.
    13. Mahammad A. Hannan & Mohammad M. Hoque & Pin J. Ker & Rawshan A. Begum & Azah Mohamed, 2017. "Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, September.
    14. Yang Yang & Wenchao Zhu & Changjun Xie & Ying Shi & Furong Liu & Weibo Li & Zebo Tang, 2020. "A Layered Bidirectional Active Equalization Method for Retired Power Lithium-Ion Batteries for Energy Storage Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.
    15. Bouchhima, Nejmeddine & Schnierle, Marc & Schulte, Sascha & Birke, Kai Peter, 2017. "Optimal energy management strategy for self-reconfigurable batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 560-569.
    16. Bragadeshwaran Ashok & Chidambaram Kannan & Byron Mason & Sathiaseelan Denis Ashok & Vairavasundaram Indragandhi & Darsh Patel & Atharva Sanjay Wagh & Arnav Jain & Chellapan Kavitha, 2022. "Towards Safer and Smarter Design for Lithium-Ion-Battery-Powered Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review on Control Strategy Architecture of Battery Management System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-44, June.
    17. Shun-Chung Wang & Chun-Yu Liu & Yi-Hua Liu, 2018. "A Fast Equalizer with Adaptive Balancing Current Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-15, April.
    18. Turksoy, Arzu & Teke, Ahmet, 2023. "A fast and energy-efficient nonnegative least square-based optimal active battery balancing control strategy for electric vehicle applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    19. Moayad Shammut & Mengqiu Cao & Yuerong Zhang & Claire Papaix & Yuqi Liu & Xing Gao, 2019. "Banning Diesel Vehicles in London: Is 2040 Too Late?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-17, September.
    20. Sandoval, Cinda & Alvarado, Victor M. & Carmona, Jean-Claude & Lopez Lopez, Guadalupe & Gomez-Aguilar, J.F., 2017. "Energy management control strategy to improve the FC/SC dynamic behavior on hybrid electric vehicles: A frequency based distribution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 407-418.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5688-:d:437867. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.