IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i18p4766-d412738.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Rankine Carnot Batteries with the Integration of Thermal Energy Sources: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Guido Francesco Frate

    (Department of Energy, System, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy)

  • Lorenzo Ferrari

    (Department of Energy, System, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy)

  • Umberto Desideri

    (Department of Energy, System, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of a novel electric energy storage technology. The Thermally Integrated Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (TI-PTES) stores electric energy as thermal exergy. Compared to standard PTES, TI-PTES takes advantage of both electric and low-temperature heat inputs. Therefore, TI-PTES is a hybrid technology between storage and electric production from low-temperature heat. TI-PTES belongs to a technology group informally referred to as Carnot Batteries (CBs). As the TI-PTES grows in popularity, several configurations have been proposed, with different claimed performances, but no standard has emerged to date. The study provides an overview of the component and operating fluid selection, and it describes the configurations proposed in the literature. Some issues regarding the performance, the ratio between thermal and electrical inputs, and the actual TI-PTES utilisation in realistic scenarios are discussed. As a result, some guidelines are defined. The configurations that utilise high-temperature thermal reservoirs are more extensively studied, due to their superior thermodynamic performance. However, low-temperature TI-PTES may achieve similar performance and have easier access to latent heat storage in the form of water ice. Finally, to achieve satisfactory performance, TI-PTES must absorb a thermal input several times larger than the electric one. This limits TI-PTES to small-scale applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Guido Francesco Frate & Lorenzo Ferrari & Umberto Desideri, 2020. "Rankine Carnot Batteries with the Integration of Thermal Energy Sources: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-28, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4766-:d:412738
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4766/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4766/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dumont, Olivier & Parthoens, Antoine & Dickes, Rémi & Lemort, Vincent, 2018. "Experimental investigation and optimal performance assessment of four volumetric expanders (scroll, screw, piston and roots) tested in a small-scale organic Rankine cycle system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 1119-1127.
    2. Henchoz, Samuel & Buchter, Florian & Favrat, Daniel & Morandin, Matteo & Mercangöz, Mehmet, 2012. "Thermoeconomic analysis of a solar enhanced energy storage concept based on thermodynamic cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 358-365.
    3. Jockenhöfer, Henning & Steinmann, Wolf-Dieter & Bauer, Dan, 2018. "Detailed numerical investigation of a pumped thermal energy storage with low temperature heat integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 665-676.
    4. Jimenez-Navarro, Juan-Pablo & Kavvadias, Konstantinos & Filippidou, Faidra & Pavičević, Matija & Quoilin, Sylvain, 2020. "Coupling the heating and power sectors: The role of centralised combined heat and power plants and district heat in a European decarbonised power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    5. Morgan, Robert & Nelmes, Stuart & Gibson, Emma & Brett, Gareth, 2015. "Liquid air energy storage – Analysis and first results from a pilot scale demonstration plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 845-853.
    6. Gallo, A.B. & Simões-Moreira, J.R. & Costa, H.K.M. & Santos, M.M. & Moutinho dos Santos, E., 2016. "Energy storage in the energy transition context: A technology review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 800-822.
    7. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Pican, E. & Leahy, M., 2012. "The technical and economic implications of integrating fluctuating renewable energy using energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 47-60.
    8. Arpagaus, Cordin & Bless, Frédéric & Uhlmann, Michael & Schiffmann, Jürg & Bertsch, Stefan S., 2018. "High temperature heat pumps: Market overview, state of the art, research status, refrigerants, and application potentials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 985-1010.
    9. Steger, Daniel & Regensburger, Christoph & Eppinger, Bernd & Will, Stefan & Karl, Jürgen & Schlücker, Eberhard, 2020. "Design aspects of a reversible heat pump - Organic rankine cycle pilot plant for energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    10. Morandin, Matteo & Mercangöz, Mehmet & Hemrle, Jaroslav & Maréchal, François & Favrat, Daniel, 2013. "Thermoeconomic design optimization of a thermo-electric energy storage system based on transcritical CO2 cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 571-587.
    11. Bargiacchi, Eleonora & Antonelli, Marco & Desideri, Umberto, 2019. "A comparative assessment of Power-to-Fuel production pathways," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1253-1265.
    12. Argyrou, Maria C. & Christodoulides, Paul & Kalogirou, Soteris A., 2018. "Energy storage for electricity generation and related processes: Technologies appraisal and grid scale applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 804-821.
    13. Hamdy, Sarah & Morosuk, Tatiana & Tsatsaronis, George, 2017. "Cryogenics-based energy storage: Evaluation of cold exergy recovery cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 1069-1080.
    14. Morandin, Matteo & Maréchal, François & Mercangöz, Mehmet & Buchter, Florian, 2012. "Conceptual design of a thermo-electrical energy storage system based on heat integration of thermodynamic cycles – Part B: Alternative system configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 386-396.
    15. Bao, Junjiang & Zhao, Li, 2013. "A review of working fluid and expander selections for organic Rankine cycle," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 325-342.
    16. Sciacovelli, A. & Vecchi, A. & Ding, Y., 2017. "Liquid air energy storage (LAES) with packed bed cold thermal storage – From component to system level performance through dynamic modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 84-98.
    17. Coester, Andreas & Hofkes, Marjan W. & Papyrakis, Elissaios, 2020. "Economic analysis of batteries: Impact on security of electricity supply and renewable energy expansion in Germany," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    18. Peterson, Richard B., 2011. "A concept for storing utility-scale electrical energy in the form of latent heat," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 6098-6109.
    19. Sebastian Staub & Peter Bazan & Konstantinos Braimakis & Dominik Müller & Christoph Regensburger & Daniel Scharrer & Bernd Schmitt & Daniel Steger & Reinhard German & Sotirios Karellas & Marco Pruckne, 2018. "Reversible Heat Pump–Organic Rankine Cycle Systems for the Storage of Renewable Electricity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-17, May.
    20. Steinmann, Wolf-Dieter & Bauer, Dan & Jockenhöfer, Henning & Johnson, Maike, 2019. "Pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) as smart sector-coupling technology for heat and electricity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 185-190.
    21. Astolfi, Marco & Romano, Matteo C. & Bombarda, Paola & Macchi, Ennio, 2014. "Binary ORC (organic Rankine cycles) power plants for the exploitation of medium–low temperature geothermal sources – Part A: Thermodynamic optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 423-434.
    22. Morandin, Matteo & Maréchal, François & Mercangöz, Mehmet & Buchter, Florian, 2012. "Conceptual design of a thermo-electrical energy storage system based on heat integration of thermodynamic cycles – Part A: Methodology and base case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 375-385.
    23. Steinmann, W.D., 2014. "The CHEST (Compressed Heat Energy STorage) concept for facility scale thermo mechanical energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 543-552.
    24. Budt, Marcus & Wolf, Daniel & Span, Roland & Yan, Jinyue, 2016. "A review on compressed air energy storage: Basic principles, past milestones and recent developments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 250-268.
    25. Astolfi, Marco & Romano, Matteo C. & Bombarda, Paola & Macchi, Ennio, 2014. "Binary ORC (Organic Rankine Cycles) power plants for the exploitation of medium–low temperature geothermal sources – Part B: Techno-economic optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 435-446.
    26. Mercangöz, Mehmet & Hemrle, Jaroslav & Kaufmann, Lilian & Z’Graggen, Andreas & Ohler, Christian, 2012. "Electrothermal energy storage with transcritical CO2 cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 407-415.
    27. Roskosch, Dennis & Venzik, Valerius & Atakan, Burak, 2020. "Potential analysis of pumped heat electricity storages regarding thermodynamic efficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P3), pages 2865-2873.
    28. Wang, S.S. & Zhou, D.Q. & Zhou, P. & Wang, Q.W., 2011. "CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in China: A panel data analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 4870-4875, September.
    29. Lisbona, Pilar & Frate, Guido Francesco & Bailera, Manuel & Desideri, Umberto, 2018. "Power-to-Gas: Analysis of potential decarbonization of Spanish electrical system in long-term prospective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 656-668.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Frate, Guido Francesco & Ferrari, Lorenzo & Desideri, Umberto, 2021. "Energy storage for grid-scale applications: Technology review and economic feasibility analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1754-1772.
    2. Trevisan, Silvia & Wang, Wujun & Guedez, Rafael & Laumert, Björn, 2022. "Experimental evaluation of an innovative radial-flow high-temperature packed bed thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    3. Chengyu Li & Yongzhen Wang & Qiang Guo & Youtang Wang & Hu Chen, 2023. "High-Temperature Heat Pump Using CO 2 -Based Mixture for Simultaneous Heat and Cold Energy Reservation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Weitzer, Maximilian & Müller, Dominik & Karl, Jürgen, 2022. "Two-phase expansion processes in heat pump – ORC systems (Carnot batteries) with volumetric machines for enhanced off-design efficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 720-732.
    5. Ding, Xingqi & Zhou, Yufei & Zheng, Nan & Desideri, Umberto & Duan, Liqiang, 2024. "Emergy analysis and comprehensive sustainability investigation of a solar-aided liquid air energy storage system based on life cycle assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
    6. Blanquiceth, J. & Cardemil, J.M. & Henríquez, M. & Escobar, R., 2023. "Thermodynamic evaluation of a pumped thermal electricity storage system integrated with large-scale thermal power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    7. Bernd Eppinger & Mustafa Muradi & Daniel Scharrer & Lars Zigan & Peter Bazan & Reinhard German & Stefan Will, 2021. "Simulation of the Part Load Behavior of Combined Heat Pump-Organic Rankine Cycle Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, June.
    8. Ameen, Muhammad Tahir & Ma, Zhiwei & Smallbone, Andrew & Norman, Rose & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2023. "Demonstration system of pumped heat energy storage (PHES) and its round-trip efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    9. Liang, Ting & Vecchi, Andrea & Knobloch, Kai & Sciacovelli, Adriano & Engelbrecht, Kurt & Li, Yongliang & Ding, Yulong, 2022. "Key components for Carnot Battery: Technology review, technical barriers and selection criteria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    10. Scharrer, Daniel & Bazan, Peter & Pruckner, Marco & German, Reinhard, 2022. "Simulation and analysis of a Carnot Battery consisting of a reversible heat pump/organic Rankine cycle for a domestic application in a community with varying number of houses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
    11. José Ignacio Linares & Arturo Martín-Colino & Eva Arenas & María José Montes & Alexis Cantizano & José Rubén Pérez-Domínguez, 2023. "Carnot Battery Based on Brayton Supercritical CO 2 Thermal Machines Using Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy as a Low-Temperature Source," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-24, May.
    12. Zhang, Yanchao & Xie, Zhenzhen, 2022. "Thermodynamic efficiency and bounds of pumped thermal electricity storage under whole process ecological optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 711-720.
    13. Emanuele Nadalon & Ronelly De Souza & Melchiorre Casisi & Mauro Reini, 2023. "Part-Load Energy Performance Assessment of a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System for an Energy Community," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-30, July.
    14. Sui, Yunren & Lin, Haosheng & Ding, Zhixiong & Li, Fuxiang & Sui, Zengguang & Wu, Wei, 2024. "Compact, efficient, and affordable absorption Carnot battery for long-term renewable energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    15. Matteo Marchionni & Roberto Cipollone, 2023. "Liquid CO 2 and Liquid Air Energy Storage Systems: A Thermodynamic Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-21, June.
    16. Zhao, Yongliang & Song, Jian & Liu, Ming & Zhao, Yao & Olympios, Andreas V. & Sapin, Paul & Yan, Junjie & Markides, Christos N., 2022. "Thermo-economic assessments of pumped-thermal electricity storage systems employing sensible heat storage materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 431-456.
    17. Eppinger, Bernd & Steger, Daniel & Regensburger, Christoph & Karl, Jürgen & Schlücker, Eberhard & Will, Stefan, 2021. "Carnot battery: Simulation and design of a reversible heat pump-organic Rankine cycle pilot plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    18. Frate, Guido Francesco & Baccioli, Andrea & Bernardini, Leonardo & Ferrari, Lorenzo, 2022. "Assessment of the off-design performance of a solar thermally-integrated pumped-thermal energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 636-650.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Frate, Guido Francesco & Ferrari, Lorenzo & Desideri, Umberto, 2021. "Energy storage for grid-scale applications: Technology review and economic feasibility analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1754-1772.
    2. Liang, Ting & Vecchi, Andrea & Knobloch, Kai & Sciacovelli, Adriano & Engelbrecht, Kurt & Li, Yongliang & Ding, Yulong, 2022. "Key components for Carnot Battery: Technology review, technical barriers and selection criteria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    3. Zhao, Yongliang & Song, Jian & Liu, Ming & Zhao, Yao & Olympios, Andreas V. & Sapin, Paul & Yan, Junjie & Markides, Christos N., 2022. "Thermo-economic assessments of pumped-thermal electricity storage systems employing sensible heat storage materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 431-456.
    4. Frate, Guido Francesco & Baccioli, Andrea & Bernardini, Leonardo & Ferrari, Lorenzo, 2022. "Assessment of the off-design performance of a solar thermally-integrated pumped-thermal energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 636-650.
    5. Zhang, Yanchao & Xie, Zhenzhen, 2022. "Thermodynamic efficiency and bounds of pumped thermal electricity storage under whole process ecological optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 711-720.
    6. Baik, Young-Jin & Heo, Jaehyeok & Koo, Junemo & Kim, Minsung, 2014. "The effect of storage temperature on the performance of a thermo-electric energy storage using a transcritical CO2 cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 204-215.
    7. Peng Hu & Gao-Wei Zhang & Long-Xiang Chen & Ming-Hou Liu, 2017. "Theoretical Analysis for Heat Transfer Optimization in Subcritical Electrothermal Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-15, February.
    8. Aliaga, D.M. & Romero, C.P. & Feick, R. & Brooks, W.K. & Campbell, A.N., 2024. "Modelling and simulation of a novel liquid air energy storage system with a liquid piston, NH3 and CO2 cycles for enhanced heat and cold utilisation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 362(C).
    9. Eppinger, Bernd & Steger, Daniel & Regensburger, Christoph & Karl, Jürgen & Schlücker, Eberhard & Will, Stefan, 2021. "Carnot battery: Simulation and design of a reversible heat pump-organic Rankine cycle pilot plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    10. Morandin, Matteo & Mercangöz, Mehmet & Hemrle, Jaroslav & Maréchal, François & Favrat, Daniel, 2013. "Thermoeconomic design optimization of a thermo-electric energy storage system based on transcritical CO2 cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 571-587.
    11. Zhang, Han & Wang, Liang & Lin, Xipeng & Chen, Haisheng, 2023. "Operating mode of Brayton-cycle-based pumped thermal electricity storage system: Constant compression ratio or constant rotational speed?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    12. Daniele Fiaschi & Giampaolo Manfrida & Karolina Petela & Lorenzo Talluri, 2019. "Thermo-Electric Energy Storage with Solar Heat Integration: Exergy and Exergo-Economic Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
    13. Kum-Jung Lee & Seok-Ho Seo & Junhyun Cho & Si-Doek Oh & Sang-Ok Choi & Ho-Young Kwak, 2022. "Exergy and Thermoeconomic Analyses of a Carnot Battery System Comprising an Air Heat Pump and Steam Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-19, November.
    14. Carro, A. & Chacartegui, R. & Ortiz, C. & Carneiro, J. & Becerra, J.A., 2022. "Integration of energy storage systems based on transcritical CO2: Concept of CO2 based electrothermal energy and geological storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    15. Blanquiceth, J. & Cardemil, J.M. & Henríquez, M. & Escobar, R., 2023. "Thermodynamic evaluation of a pumped thermal electricity storage system integrated with large-scale thermal power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    16. Steinmann, Wolf-Dieter, 2017. "Thermo-mechanical concepts for bulk energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 205-219.
    17. Wang, Liang & Lin, Xipeng & Chai, Lei & Peng, Long & Yu, Dong & Chen, Haisheng, 2019. "Cyclic transient behavior of the Joule–Brayton based pumped heat electricity storage: Modeling and analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 523-534.
    18. Sebastian Staub & Peter Bazan & Konstantinos Braimakis & Dominik Müller & Christoph Regensburger & Daniel Scharrer & Bernd Schmitt & Daniel Steger & Reinhard German & Sotirios Karellas & Marco Pruckne, 2018. "Reversible Heat Pump–Organic Rankine Cycle Systems for the Storage of Renewable Electricity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-17, May.
    19. Xue, X.J. & Zhao, C.Y., 2023. "Transient behavior and thermodynamic analysis of Brayton-like pumped-thermal electricity storage based on packed-bed latent heat/cold stores," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    20. Scharrer, Daniel & Bazan, Peter & Pruckner, Marco & German, Reinhard, 2022. "Simulation and analysis of a Carnot Battery consisting of a reversible heat pump/organic Rankine cycle for a domestic application in a community with varying number of houses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4766-:d:412738. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.