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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar

Author

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  • Bide Zhang

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G-2W1, Canada)

  • Mohammad Heidari

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G-2W1, Canada)

  • Bharat Regmi

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G-2W1, Canada)

  • Shakirudeen Salaudeen

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G-2W1, Canada)

  • Precious Arku

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G-2W1, Canada)

  • Mahendra Thimmannagari

    (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON N1G 4Y1, Canada)

  • Animesh Dutta

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G-2W1, Canada)

Abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a useful method to convert wet biomass to value-added products. Fruit waste generated in juice industries is a huge source of moist feedstock for such conversion to produce hydrochar. This paper deals with four types of fruit wastes as feedstocks for HTC; namely, rotten apple (RA), apple chip pomace (ACP), apple juice pomace (AJP), and grape pomace (GP). The operating conditions for HTC processing were 190 °C, 225 °C, and 260 °C for 15 min. For all samples, higher heating value and fixed carbon increased, while volatile matter and oxygen content decreased after HTC. Except for ACP, the ash content of all samples increased after 225 °C. For RA, AJP, and GP, the possible explanation for increased ash content above 225 °C is that the hydrochar increases in porosity after 230 °C. It was observed that an increase in HTC temperature resulted in an increase in the mass yield for RA and GP, which is in contrast with increasing HTC temperature for lignocellulose biomass. Other characterization tests like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed that the HTC process can be successfully used to convert fruit wastes into valuable products.

Suggested Citation

  • Bide Zhang & Mohammad Heidari & Bharat Regmi & Shakirudeen Salaudeen & Precious Arku & Mahendra Thimmannagari & Animesh Dutta, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:8:p:2022-:d:161808
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    Cited by:

    1. Nepu Saha & Maurizio Volpe & Luca Fiori & Roberto Volpe & Antonio Messineo & M. Toufiq Reza, 2020. "Cationic Dye Adsorption on Hydrochars of Winery and Citrus Juice Industries Residues: Performance, Mechanism, and Thermodynamics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
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    10. Salaudeen, Shakirudeen A. & Acharya, Bishnu & Dutta, Animesh, 2021. "Steam gasification of hydrochar derived from hydrothermal carbonization of fruit wastes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 582-591.
    11. Heidari, Mohammad & Salaudeen, Shakirudeen & Arku, Precious & Acharya, Bishnu & Tasnim, Syeda & Dutta, Animesh, 2021. "Development of a mathematical model for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: Comparison of experimental measurements with model predictions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    12. Isaac Lorero & Arturo J. Vizcaíno & Francisco J. Alguacil & Félix A. López, 2020. "Activated Carbon from Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analysis for Large-Scale Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-22, December.
    13. Mateusz Jackowski & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Magdalena Lech & Mateusz Wnukowski & Amit Arora & Monika Tkaczuk-Serafin & Marcin Baranowski & Krystian Krochmalny & Vivek K. Veetil & Przemysław Seruga & Anna, 2020. "HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.
    14. Sooraj Kumar & Suhail Ahmed Soomro & Khanji Harijan & Mohammad Aslam Uqaili & Laveet Kumar, 2023. "Advancements of Biochar-Based Catalyst for Improved Production of Biodiesel: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-20, January.
    15. Mitchell Ubene & Mohammad Heidari & Animesh Dutta, 2022. "Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-28, March.
    16. Michela Langone & Daniele Basso, 2020. "Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-33, September.
    17. Ewa Syguła & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2019. "Proof-of-Concept of Spent Mushrooms Compost Torrefaction—Studying the Process Kinetics and the Influence of Temperature and Duration on the Calorific Value of the Produced Biocoal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-19, August.
    18. Shrestha, Ankita & Acharya, Bishnu & Farooque, Aitazaz A., 2021. "Study of hydrochar and process water from hydrothermal carbonization of sea lettuce," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 589-598.
    19. Trishan Deb Abhi & Omid Norouzi & Kevin Macdermid-Watts & Mohammad Heidari & Syeda Tasnim & Animesh Dutta, 2021. "Miscanthus to Biocarbon for Canadian Iron and Steel Industries: An Innovative Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.
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