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Cationic Dye Adsorption on Hydrochars of Winery and Citrus Juice Industries Residues: Performance, Mechanism, and Thermodynamics

Author

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  • Nepu Saha

    (Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA)

  • Maurizio Volpe

    (Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Enna KORE, 94100 Enna, Italy)

  • Luca Fiori

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
    Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy)

  • Roberto Volpe

    (School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK)

  • Antonio Messineo

    (Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Enna KORE, 94100 Enna, Italy)

  • M. Toufiq Reza

    (Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA)

Abstract

With the increasing needs of clean water supplies, the use of biomass wastes and residues for environmental remediation is essential for environmental sustainability. In this study, the residues from winery and citrus juice industries, namely grape skin and orange peel, respectively, were first converted to hydrochars by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and then a cationic dye (methylene blue) adsorption was studied on hydrochars. Hydrochars from both feedstocks were produced at three different temperatures (180, 220, and 250 °C) and a fixed residence time (1 h) to evaluate the hydrochar’s performance on the dye adsorption. The hydrochars were characterized in terms of their pH, pH at point of zero charge (pH PZC ), surface functionalities, and surface area. A batch adsorption study of the dye was carried out with variable adsorbate concentration, pH, and temperature. Two adsorption isotherms namely Langmuir and Freundlich models were fitted at 4, 20, and 36 °C. The thermodynamic properties of adsorption (Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS)) were evaluated from the isotherms fittings. Results showed that the dye adsorption on both hydrochars was significant and followed Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity on citrus waste hydrochar was higher than the winery waste hydrochar at any corresponding HTC temperature. Although hydrochars showed the lowest surface area (46.16 ± 0.11 and 34.08 ± 1.23 m 2 /g for citrus and winery wastes, respectively) at 180 °C, their adsorption was the highest, owing to their maximum density of total oxygen functional groups (23.24 ± 0.22 and 32.69 ± 1.39 µmol/m 2 for citrus and winery wastes, respectively), which decreased with the increase in HTC temperature. This research shows a sustainable route for the production of highly effective adsorbent materials at lower HTC temperatures from citrus and winery wastes.

Suggested Citation

  • Nepu Saha & Maurizio Volpe & Luca Fiori & Roberto Volpe & Antonio Messineo & M. Toufiq Reza, 2020. "Cationic Dye Adsorption on Hydrochars of Winery and Citrus Juice Industries Residues: Performance, Mechanism, and Thermodynamics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4686-:d:410798
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daniele Basso & Elsa Weiss-Hortala & Francesco Patuzzi & Marco Baratieri & Luca Fiori, 2018. "In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Gheorghe Lazaroiu & Lucian Mihaescu & Gabriel Negreanu & Constantin Pana & Ionel Pisa & Alexandru Cernat & Dana-Alexandra Ciupageanu, 2018. "Experimental Investigations of Innovative Biomass Energy Harnessing Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Nepu Saha & Akbar Saba & Pretom Saha & Kyle McGaughy & Diana Franqui-Villanueva & William J. Orts & William M. Hart-Cooper & M. Toufiq Reza, 2019. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Various Paper Mill Sludges: An Observation of Solid Fuel Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, March.
    4. Simona Ciuta & Stefano Antognoni & Elena Cristina Rada & Marco Ragazzi & Adrian Badea & Lucian Ionel Cioca, 2016. "Respirometric Index and Biogas Potential of Different Foods and Agricultural Discarded Biomass," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Akbar Saba & Kyle McGaughy & M. Toufiq Reza, 2019. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Co-Hydrothermal Carbonization of a Coal-Miscanthus Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Bide Zhang & Mohammad Heidari & Bharat Regmi & Shakirudeen Salaudeen & Precious Arku & Mahendra Thimmannagari & Animesh Dutta, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-14, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Manal Hessien, 2022. "Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pomegranate Peels into Hydrochar for Environmental Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Ajit Singh & Andrew Gill & David Lian Keong Lim & Agustina Kasmaruddin & Taghi Miri & Anita Chakrabarty & Hui Hui Chai & Anurita Selvarajoo & Festo Massawe & Yousif Abdalla Abakr & Kumbirai Ivyne Mate, 2022. "Feasibility of Bio-Coal Production from Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) Technology Using Food Waste in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-23, April.
    3. Michela Lucian & Fabio Merzari & Michele Gubert & Antonio Messineo & Maurizio Volpe, 2021. "Industrial-Scale Hydrothermal Carbonization of Agro-Industrial Digested Sludge: Filterability Enhancement and Phosphorus Recovery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    4. René A. Garrido & Camila Lagos & Carolina Luna & Jaime Sánchez & Georgina Díaz, 2021. "Study of the Potential Uses of Hydrochar from Grape Pomace and Walnut Shells Generated from Hydrothermal Carbonization as an Alternative for the Revalorization of Agri-Waste in Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-10, November.
    5. Md Tahmid Islam & Al Ibtida Sultana & Cadianne Chambers & Swarna Saha & Nepu Saha & Kawnish Kirtania & M. Toufiq Reza, 2022. "Recent Progress on Emerging Applications of Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-45, December.
    6. Md Rifat Hasan & Nepu Saha & Thomas Quaid & M. Toufiq Reza, 2021. "Formation of Carbon Quantum Dots via Hydrothermal Carbonization: Investigate the Effect of Precursors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-10, February.
    7. Antonio Picone & Maurizio Volpe & Antonio Messineo, 2021. "Process Water Recirculation during Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: Current Knowledge and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, May.

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